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 Up to 1641 it is certain that the Irish element greatly outnumbered the two others combined. The total of Protestants in Ulster at that date is estimated by Carte at 120,000 and by Latimer at 100,000.

The war of extermination which followed on the rising of 1641 must have gone far to alter the balance of races. Yet in 1659 the Irish in all Ulster were to the combined English and Scots as 1½ to 1.

The years between the Restoration and the Revolution were marked by a large immigration from Scotland. The Scots however took little foothold in Cavan and Fermanagh. The emigration of Presbyterians to America in the eighteenth century must have seriously weakened the Scottish element, as that of the 19th century has weakened the Irish. Woodburn holds that 200,000 people left Ulster for America between 1700 and 1760.