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 May, 1918 THE SUBSPECIES OF THE BROWN TOWHEE 12t southern San Luis Obispo County, where intergradation with Pipilo crissalis crissalis takes place. Specimens examined from the following localities.--San Diego County: San Diego, 8; Julian, 2; Dulzura, 4; Jacumba, 3; Point Loma, 2; Witch Creek, 8; V'arner Pass, 1; Foster, 1; Chula Vista, 1; La Puerta, 1; Cuyamaca Mountains, 1. Orange County: Tra- buco Canyon, 1. Riverside County: San Jacinto Mountains, 28; Palm Springs, 2; Ban- ning, 1; Riverside, 9; Jurupa Mountains, 4; Reche Canyon, 13. San Bernardino County: Cajon Pass, 4; Lytle Creek, 2; San Bernardino, 3. Los Angeles County: Los Angeles, 9; Pasadena, 57; Glendora, 1; Azusa, 5; Mount Wilson, 1; Linda Vista, 3; San Fernando, 6; Santa Monica Mountains, 1. Ventura County: Ventura, 4. Santa Barbara County: Lom- poc, 8; Guadalupe Lake, 2. San Luis Obispo County: San Luis Obispo, 1. Total, 197. Distinguishing characters.--Small size, dark coloration, and short, stubby bill. Remarks.--In the distribution accorded Pipilo crissalis senicula by Ridgway (Birds N. and Mid. Am., i, 1901, p. 436) and the A. O. U. Check-List (1910, p. 281) this subspecies is con,fined to northern Lower California and that portion of southern California that lies south of the San Bernardino Mountains. Grin- nell (Pac. Coast Avif., no. 11, 1915, p. 134), on the other hand, extends the range northward throughout the San Joaquin Valley, and along the coast through San Luis Obispo County. Specimens now at hand from certain critical points indi- cate that the dividing line between senicula and crissalis should be drawn about niidway between the extremes above indicated. From southern California there is an abundance of material in all stages of plumage, sufficient to justify the as- sertion that there is uniformity of appearance in birds from San Diego, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino and Los Angeles counties. Going northward, speci- ehens from Ventura show the first tendency toward the reddish coloration of crissalis, specimens from points in Santa Barbara County are intermediate, though still nearest to senicula, and one from San Luis Obispo might almost as readily be referred to crissalis as to the southern subspecies. There are no skins at hand showing intergradation between senicula and carolae. IEASUREMENTS IN MILLIMETERS (AVERAGE, MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM) OF THE SUBSPECIES OF THE BROWN TOWHEE (Pipilo cissalis) Pipilo cissal/s senicula (10 males from San Die- go County) Pipilo crfssalis c'/ssalt's 95.3 (91.5-100.5) (10 males from Santa Clara, Alameda, Sono- ma and Marin counties) Pipilo c'issalis carolae (10 males from Sierra Nevada in Fresno and Mariposa counties) Pipilo crissalis carolae (10 males from Sacra- mento Valley) Pt'pilo crissalis carolae (5 males from southern 0rego) Berkeley, California, February 7, 1918. Middie toe Wing Tail Culmen Tarsus withot/t claw 92.9 (90.5-95.0) 106.6 (101.5-109.0) 14.7 (I4.2-15.0) 26.8 (25.5-28.0) 18.2 (16.5-20.0) 105.2 ( 98.5-110.0) 15.4 (15.0-16.0) 28.6 (28.0-29.5) 19.7 (19.0-21.0) 100.7 (95.0-107.0) 113.9 (107.0-119.0) 98.1 (91.0-103.0) 109.0 (105.0-114.0) 97.5 (94.0-101.0) 109.5 (106.5-112.0) 15.6 (15.0-16.5) 28.1 (27.0-29.2) 19.3 (t9.0-Z0.0) 15.7 (15.5-16.5) Z8.3 (27.0-30.0) 19.8 (18.0-21.0) 15.7. (15.0-16.0) 27.8 (26.-29.0) 19.8 (19.0-20,5)