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 May, 1915 BIRDS OF KOOTENAI COUNTY, IDAHO 127 cottonwoods along bank of Spokane River; small flock seen in willow thicket, Fernan. Lake, September 6. Hesperiphona vespertina montana. Western Evening Grosbeak. Common resident. Large flocks frequently obser.ved in city limits during the fall and winter, feeding in pines. Their loud whistling 'notes are often heard in the spring, after which they appear to break up into small flocks or pairs, and retire to the heavy timber in the mountains, returning again in large flocks the latter part of September. Male and female together noted August 19, on high wooded ridge near Fernan Lake. Flock of about 30 young seen September 1; one young female collected. Carpodacus cassini. Cassin Purple Finch. One pair observed in city limits June 18, 1914. I. oxia curvirostra minor. American Crossbill. Common resident; numerous flocks seen in city limits throughout the fall and winter, retiring to the wooded hillsides dur- ing nesting season. Females with young able to fly noted May 4. February 21, 1913, I noted a pair of crossbills carrying nest material--long blades of dry grass obtained from small spots where the snow had melted--up into a dense-crowned tall lodgepole pine. I was unable to locate any nest, and on returning the next day failed to find any further evidence of nesting, not seeing the birds again in same locality. Acanthis IinarJa IJnaria. Redpoll. Not common winter visitor. Small flock ob- served in city limits, April 15. Astragalinus tristis pallidus. Western Goldfinch. Not common summer resident. A pair noted on brushy hillside, June 14; from their actions judged them to be breed- ing, but was unable to locate any nest. Spinus pinus pinus. Pine Siskin. Abundant resident. Common in city limits; young Siskins able to fly, noted June 17. They have multiplied rapidly and are now very common within the city limits; also in other towns in the county. A favorite nesting site is the top fold of awnings after these have been rolled up during the winter. In the spring, when the sun grows bright and the awnings are lowered, sparrow nests in various stages of construction, eggs, and often young birds, are scattered along the edge of the street curbing. Plectrophenax nivalis. Snowflake. Rare irregular winter visitor. One specimen seen. Passerc,q-s sandwichensis ala-din-s. Western Savannah Sparrow. Common sum- mer resident of the meadows. Several specimens taken September 29, in small meadow near Garwood. Zonotrichia e-cophrs gainbell. Gambel Sparrow. Abundant fall migrant. Ob- served in large numbers during the months of September and October in thickets and on brushy hillsides. $pizeHa passerina arizonae. Western Chipping Sparrow. Abundant summer resi- dent. First arrivals noted by middle of April, becoming common by first of May. Young and old congregate in large flocks along edges of fields and thickets from early part of August to latter part of September, when they begin to migrate; one seen October 8. Nest with four eggs found in spirea bush, June 11; nest with half-grown young found in haw bush, June 14; young able to fly June 18. '*J,mco byemalls montan-s. Montana Junco. Common summer resident, arriving as early as February 22, becoming common by first week in April. Pair noted gathering nest material March 27; five nests, each containing five eggs, examined May 8; young able to fly, May 19; nest with five newly hatched young, June 18; nest with five fresh eggs, June 27. The Juncos begin to congregate in flocks along roadsides' and thickets by the middle of August, and migrate early in October. Meospiza meodia merrHH. Merrill Song Sparrow. Common summer resident in swamps and thickets along mountain streams and lakes. A few remain throughout the winter in sheltered situations. Often seen around old brush-piles and outbuildings with- in the city limits during the winter. meadow near Garwood, September 29, 1914. Piprio mac,qat-s montan-s. Spurred Towhee. Common summer resident of the brushy hillsides and draws, arriving by April 15. Last seen September 3. Young, first brood, able to fly, May 18; sec0nql brood June 30, ' ~ '
 * Passer domesticus. English Sparrow. A small flock arrived in the spring of 1909.
 * Meospiza Hncon! Hnconi. Lincoln Sparrow. One specimen taken in grassy