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 Sept., 1913 CALIFORNIA FORMS OF PIPILO ./rACUL'.4TUS 171 of this locality, both in the interior and on. the coast. 4tratus is thus a synonym of mealonyx (see Swarth, I9O 5, p. I7I, and Ridgway, I9O6, p. ioo), but the characters attributed by' Ridgway to the former race are applicable to megalonyx as here restricted. Eleven specimens from Santa Cruz Island have been examined, six from the Grinnell collection, four from the Mailliard collection, and one from the 'Willett collection. Two o the Mailliard specimens (nos. 3184, 32,44) ' had been exam- ined by Mr. Kidgway at some time, and bear the following writing upon the attached labels: "Pipilo maculatus clementae. Not typical; near megalonyx. R. R." The eleven specimens at hand are decidedly much more closely similar to megaIonyx than to clementae, being in fact, practically indistinguishable from mainland birds. In this connection also see Linton (I9O8, p. 2o8). No specimens are available from Santa Rosa Island; but it is probably safe to anticipate that birds from that island will be found similar to the Santa Cruz form rather than to the more remote San Clemente and Santa Catalina island sub- species. lipilo maculatus faleifer McGregor. SAN FRANCISCO TOWHEEl Type Locality.--Palo Alto, Santa Clara County, California. Range.---A narrow strip along the coast of central and northern Cali- fornia, west of the inner coast ranges; from the northern boundary of the state south-through Monterey County. oCpecimes examined from the following localities. Humboldt County: Cuddeback. Trinity County: Van Dusen River. Mendocino County: Sher- wood. Marin County: Nicasio; Mailliard; Bolinas; Fairfax; San Geronimo. Contra Costa County: Martinez; Lafayette; Walnut Creek; Mount Diablo. Alameda County: Oaklnd;' Berkeley; Haywards; Alameda. San Mateo County: Pescadero. Santa Clara County: Palo Alto; Black Mountain. Monterey County: Pacific Grove; Sur River. Total number of specimens, ?4. Distinguishing Uharacters.--Coloration dark; white markings more re- stricted than in megalonyx but much more extensive than in oregoms. Hind claw smaller and weaker than in megalonyx. Reinarks.---There is a steady diminution northward iri the extent of the white areas, birds from Monterey County being much less easily distinguished from megalonyx than are those from western Mendocino County. The north- ernmost California specimens available, from Mendocino and Humboldt coun- ties, are, however, clearly referable to [aIci[er rather than to oregonus. The entire series distinouished by the name [alci[er forms a connecting link be- tween megalonyx and oregonus, but on the whole is much more closely related to the former race. Specimens from the region of mergence of [alci[er and megaIonyx, in Monterey and San Luis Obispo counties, are with difficulty assigned 'to one or the other of the two forms, so gradual is the change. No specimens were available from extreme northwestern alifornia and southern Oregon, from between the Humboldt Bay region and Salem, Oregon. Three examples from the latter locality are typical oregonus, those from the former are, as before indicated, undoubtedly [alci[er. Thus there are no specimens at hand showing the finer degrees of intergradation between [alci[er and oregonus, which may be supposed to be found somewhere in southern Oregon. The numerous records of Pipilo m. oregonus from California nearly. all properly pertain to this subspecies.