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 the forehead of each one, saying at the same time: 'N., I sign thee with the sign of the Cross, and I confirm thee with the chrism of salvation, in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.'

'''7. Of what does the chrism, blessed by the Bishop, consist? '''

Of oil of olives and balsam.

'''8. What does the oil signify? '''

The oil signifies the inward strength which we receive for the combat against the enemies of our salvation.

'''9. Why is fragrant balsam mixed with the oil? '''

To signify that he who is confirmed receives the grace to preserve himself from the corruption of the world, and to send forth by a pious life the sweet odor of virtue.

'''10. Why does the Bishop make the sign of the Cross on the forehead of him whom he confirms? '''

To intimate that a Christian never must be ashamed of the Cross, but boldly profess his faith in Jesus crucified.

'''11. Why does the Bishop, after he has anointed him, give him a slight blow on the cheek? '''

To remind him that, being now strengthened, he ought to be prepared to suffer patiently any kind of humiliation for the name of Jesus.

'''12. Is Confirmation necessary to salvation? '''

Confirmation is not absolutely necessary to salvation; yet it would be a sin not to receive it through neglect or indifference.

Whatever has been instituted by God for the sanctification of all must also ardently be desired, and thankfully accepted, by all.

'''13. Who is capable of receiving Confirmation? '''

Every one who is baptized.