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 which the Holy Ghost communicates to our souls, and by which from sinners we are made just, children of God, and heirs of Heaven.

'''11. Why is sanctifying grace called 'a gratuitous gift'? '''

Because it is an entirely free gift, flowing from the compassionate love of God.

'''12. Why is sanctifying grace also called ' Grace of Justification '? '''

Because by sanctifying grace man is justified — that is, passes from the state of sin to the state of righteousness and holiness.

'''13. What, then, does the justification of the sinner include? '''

Justification includes, 1. Cleanness from all grievous sins at least, together with the remission of eternal punishment; and 2. The sanctification and renewal of the interior man.

'''14. What first gives rise to the justification of the sinner? '''

God by grace enlightens the sinner, and excites him to turn to Him.

'''15. What must the sinner do on his part, in order to attain to justification? '''