Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 10.djvu/68

LEFT TUSCTJLUM 50 TUSSOCK MOTH TUSCULUM, anciently a city of Latium; about 15 miles S. of Rome; on a ridge of hills known as the Colles Tus- culani, and forming part of the Alban range. Octavius Mamilius, ruler of Tus- culum, married a daughter of Tarquinius Superbus, and played a conspicuous part in the last of the great struggles made by the banished tyrant to regain his kingdom. But the Latins were so thoroughly beaten at Lake Regillus (496 B. c.) that they were glad to enter into an alliance with the victor, and ever after, except in the Great Latin War (340-338 B.C.), remained steady in their fidelity to Rome. As early as 878 B. c. the inhabitants of Tusculum received the Roman franchise. Toward the close of the republic Tusculum became a favorite country residence of the wealthy Ro- mans; Lucullus, Cato, Brutus, Horten- sius, Crassus, Caesar, and Cicero had villas here. Till 1191 Tusculum con- tinued entire; but it was stormed then by the Romans and ruined forever. Many fine remains of ancient Tusculum have been dug up, the most remarkable being the amphitheater, theater, and city walls. TUSKEGEE NORMAL AND IN- DUSTRIAL INSTITUTE, a coeduca- tional non-sectarian institution in Tus- kegee, Ala., for colored students; founded in 1881; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 206 ; students, 1,736 ; number of graduates, 2,599 ; pres- ident, Dr. R. R. Moton. TUSSAUD, MADAME, the foundress of the well-known exhibition of wax- work in London; bom (Marie Grosholtz) in Berne, Switzerland, in 1760; learned the art of modeling in wax in Paris. For a time she was engaged in giving lessons in modelling to Elizabeth, sister of Louis XVI., and in this way became ac- quainted with the leading personages at court. Imprisoned for three months during the Revolution, in 1802 she estab- lished herself in London. The collection of over 300 portrait figures (that of Vol- taire and others still on view modelled by Madame Tussaud herself from life), with the "Chamber of Horrors," devoted to figures of murderers, instruments of torture, the guillotine of the Revolution, etc., is one of the sights of London. She died in London, April 16, 1850. TUSSER, TUSSORE, or TUSSEH, the silk spun by the tusser silkworm. The centers of the traffic are in Bengal, the Central provinces, Berar, and the Ni- zam's country. There are generally two crops of the insect during the year. The cocoons are purchased in May and June by the rearers from those who have collected them from the jungle; the female cocoons are the larger. They are almost perfectly smooth, of a gray color, with darker veins across the outer surface. When mature, the largest are about two inches long by one and a quarter broad, those of average size about an inch and a half long. The in- ner layer of the fiber is quite loose, form- ing a soft cushion for the insect within. The silk, when obtained, has a glossy or vitreous look. It is now manufactured in Europe as well as in India, being largely used for cloaks and mantles de- signed for winter wear. No kind of silk so closely imitates sealskin or is so durable. It is used in the manufacture of Utrecht velvet, and has the rigidity requisite to render it a valuable ma- terial for carpets. TUSSER, THOMAS, an English mu- sician, teacher, and poet; best known as the author of "Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry"; born in Rivenhall, Essex, England, about 1524. From his rhyming autobiography it would appear that he served as a chorister first at Wallingford Chapel, and afterward at St. Paul's. In rude rustic rhymes, which have hardly a claim even to the name of verse, he inculcated a good amount of sound agricultural wisdom; and the book is still of interest for the glimpses it affords of the country life of the times, as well as for occasional passages of quaint and vigorous expression. The best editions are Dr. Mavor's (1812), Arber's (1870), and the English Dialect Society's (1878). He died in London about 1580. TUSSOCK MOTH, the Dasychira pudibunda, a grayish- white moth about TUSSOCK MOTH an inch long, the caterpillars of which do great mischief in hop grounds, and are known as hop dogs. The caterpillar