Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 10.djvu/586

LEFT ZX7NZ 506 ZWICKAU its Legal Guarantees" (1846). He died in Karlsbad, June 25, 1849. ZUNZ, LEOPOLD (tsonts), a German author; born in Detmold, Germany, Aug. 10, 1794; became head-master of the Jewish Normal School for Teachers in Berlin. He was the founder of the "Science of Judaism," the plan of which was laid down in his "A Little about Rabbinic Literature" (1818). Very im- portant was his work "Jewish Teachings Regarding Worship" (1892). Among his other works are: "The Synagogue Poetry of the Middle Ages"; "The Names of the Jews" (1836) ; "Jewish Requirements as to Oaths" (1859). He died in Berlin, Marci. 17, 1886. ZURBARAN, FRANCISCO, a Spanish painter; born in Fuente de Cantos, Es- tremadura, Spain, in 1598. His genius showing itself early, he was sent to Se- ville, where he studied the art under Juan de las Roelas. His style bears a strong resemblance to, and is probably an imitation of, that of Caravaggio; so that he early acquired the title of the Spanish Caravaggio. Most of his works are at Seville, and among them his picture of "St. Thomas Aquinas" is con- sidered the best. He was some time em- ployed at Madrid, and had the title of painter to Philip III. and Flulip IV. He died in 1662. ZURICH (zo'rik), a N. canton of Switzerland; drained by the Rhine and its tributaries, and traversed from N. W. to S. E. by ridges of lofty hills, between which lie three valleys, forming almost its whole surface — those of the Toss, the Glatt, and the Limmat. The last drains the beautiful Lake of Zurich, which, lying 1,341 feet above sea-level, is 25 miles long, and 2^ miles broad at the widest, Zurich has an area of 666 square miles and a pop. of about 425,000. Zu- rich has not a fertile soil, but it is care- fully cultivated. Zurich was one of the earliest seats of the cotton manufacture in Europe, and the spinning and weaving of cotton are still prosecuted with great success. The silk industry is nearly as important; and machinery, bells, type, paper, etc., are also manufactured. ZURICH, capital of the canton of Zurich; 41 miles N. N. E. of Lucerne and 43 N. W. of Glarus at the point where the Limmat issues from the Lake of Zu- rich and unites with its tributary the Sihl. It is one of the most prosperous manufacturing and commercial towns of Switzerland; yet the narrow streets and lofty houses of its older quarters, on the high ground E. of the river, give it the quaint appearance of a mediaeval city. Of the Romanesque cathedral, erected in the 11th and 13th centuries, Zwingli was pastor, as Lavater was of the Peters- kirche. The Polytechnic (1864) houses the university, founded in 1832, Fuseli was a native. Pop. with suburbs, about 160,000. ZURICH, LAKE OF, or ZURICHER- SEE, a sheet of water chiefly in the canton of Zurich, but partly in Schwyz. Its greatest length is about 27 miles; while its greatest breadth does not ex- ceed 3 miles, and its greatest depth 600 feet. Its scenery is distinguished not so much for grandeur as for beauty. A considerable traffic is carried on on the lake by means of sailing vessels and a number of steamers. It is well supplied with fish. Its chief feeder is the Linth canal, communicating with the Wallen- stattersee. It discharges itself at the town of Zurich by the Limmat. ZURICH, TREATY OF, a convention signed in Zurich Nov. 10, 1859, by the plenipotentiaries of France and Austria, which embodied the conditions of the preliminaries of peace agi'eed to at Villa- franca, on the part of Napoleon II. and the Emperor of Austria, Francis Joseph, and closed the Franco-Italian war by Austria's abandonment of her right to Lombardy, ZUTPHEN (ziit'fen), a town in the Dutch province of Guelderland; on the Yssel, here joined by the Bei-kel; 18 miles N. N. E. of Arnhem. Of buildings the chief are the Great Church (1103; restored 1857) and the "Wijn Huis" tower. At Rysselt, 3 miles N., is the boys' reformatory of "Nederlandsch Mettray" (1851). Ziitpen has manufac- tures of paper, oil, leather, etc. It has been several times besieged; and in a skirmish on the field of Warnsfield, a little to the E., Sir Philip Sidney {q. y.) received his death wound from a Spanish bullet, Oct. 2, 1586. Pop., commune, about 20,000. ZVENIGORODKA, a town of Euro- pean Russia, in the province of Kiev; on the Tikitch river; 96 miles S. S. E. of the town of Kiev; has numerous sulphur springs in its neighborhood, ZVORNIK, a town in Bosnia, Jugo- slavia, on the Drina; 68 miles N. E. of Serajevo. The inhabitants are partly Serbian, partly Catholic and to some ex- tent Mohammedan, The coal and lead mines are rich though undeveloped. Zvornik, which is a fortress of great strength, was occupied by the Russians, Sept, 27, 1878. ZWICKAU (tsvik'ou), a picturesque city of Saxony; irregularly built in its oMer portions, in a pleasant valley on