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LEFT YANKTON COLLEGE 471 YARKUND river, and on the Great Northern, the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul, and the Chicago and Northwestern rail- roads; 61 miles N. W. of Sioux City, la. Here are Yankton College (Cong.), a high school, the State Hospital for the Insane, waterworks, electric lights. National, State, and savings banks, and daily, weekly, and monthly periodicals. It has an extensive general trade, and is the supply depot for the Indian agencies and military stations along the Upper Missouri. There are planing mills, large Portland cement works, flour mills, foundry, woolen mill, pork packing establishments, etc. Pop. (1910) 3,787; (1920) 5,024. YANKTON COLLEGE, a coeduca- tional institution in Yankton, S. D.; founded in 1881 under the auspices of the Congregational Church; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and in- structors, 25; students, 433; president, Rev. Henry K. Warren, LL. D. YANTIC, a river in eastern Connecti- cut. It unites with the Shetucket and Quinnebaug rivers about 3 miles S. of Norwich to form the Thames river. It has a swift current and affords excellent water power, which is extensively used by the mills and factories along its banks. YAP, an island belonging to the Caro- line group in the North Pacific Ocean, situated about 500 miles S. W. of Guam and belonging formerly to Germany. There is on Yap a cable station of the Commercial Pacific Cable Company. A cable connects Shanghai and Yap, where it joins the main line running between Celebes and San Francisco. In Febru- ary, 1899, Germany purchased from Spain for $3,300,000 the group of islands to which Yap belongs, with the excep- tion of Guam, which was ceded to the United States in the treaty of peace that ended the Spanish-American War. Japan was given a mandate over the is- land in March, 1921, but the United States refused to relinquish any rights held prior to the World War. YAQUIS (ya'kez), the Indians who inhabit the S. part of the State of So- nora, Mexico, in the district of Guaya- mas. In the time of Cortez they are said to have numbered 300,000; but are now reduced to about 15,000, of whom not more than 5,000 are able-bodied men. The Yaquis have always been at war with the Spaniards and Mexicans, and v/hile often defeated have never been conquered. They revolted against Spain in 1735 and in 1825, and against the Mexicans in 1832, each time l^ing over- come. In 1841 they made another at- tempt and for years held the govern- ment at bay. Order was restored by a compromise. War broke out again, how- ever, and from 1848 till 1897, when a treaty was concluded at Ortiz, scarcely a year passed without a conflict between the Mexican troops and the Indians. In the summer of 1899, the Yaquis again broke out and a fierce struggle ensued. They were well armed with Winchester rifles and fought desperately, but gained no permanent success. The Yaquis, ac- cording to those who know them best, are much superior in intelligence to other Indians. They are industrious, and dur- ing the building of the Southern Pacific railroad worked faithfully. They saved the money so earned and invested it in rifles and ammunition. They are a pas- toral people, but in a rude way are some- what skilled in the arts. They are ruled by their own laws, follow their own cus- toms, and are strongly attached to their ancestral pagan faith. They are natur- ally hospitable, kind to their families, and very brave. YABD, in ordinary language, the British and American standard of meas- ure, being equal to 3 feet or 36 inches. As a cloth measure the yard is divided into four quarters = 16 nails. A square yard contains 9 square feet, and a cubic yard 27 cubic feet. A yard =91,4382 centimeters, a square yard =8,361.13 square centimeters, and a cubic yard = 764,535 cubic centimeters. As a nautical term, a spar slung from a mast and serving to extend a sail. Yards are either square, lateen, or lug sail. Yards for square sails are sus- pended across the mast at right angles, and are of a cylindrical form, tapering from the middle, which is termed the slings, toward the extremities, which are called the yard arms. YARKUND, or YARKAND, the chief town of the province of the same name in eastern Turkestan; 140 miles S. E. of Kashgar. It is a great emporium of trade between China and the W., but it has been repeatedly devastated by the internecine wars which are chronic in central Asia. The bulk of the inhabit- ants are Mohammedans of the Turki race; and in 1866 it was captured from the Chinese by Yakub Beg, who in 1874, entered^ into a commercial treaty with the British in India, and caravans of traders annually pass to and fro through the valley of Kashmir, The exports are chiefly shawl wool, raw silk, gold, and borax; the imports are piece goods, metal wares, tea, and indigo. In 1876 an English company sent its goods direct to Yarkund under European con- duct, and Yarkund merchants annually