Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 10.djvu/540

LEFT YAKIMA 468 YALE hump and withers is woven into a fine strong cloth. The tails, often dyed red, are made into the chowi'ies or fly-flap- pers, used in India. Yaks are often seen in zoological gardens and menageries, and have repeatedly bred in Europe, and it is probable that they might be advantageously introduced into the Highlands of Scotland and the N. parts of the Contingents of America and Europe. YAKIMA, a city of Washington, the county-seat of Yakima co., formerly known as North Yakima, on the South- ern Pacific, the Oregon-Washington Railroad and Navigation Company, and other railroads. It is the center of an important live stock and lumbering re- gion and has a hospital, a public library, Federal buildings, and excellent school buildings. Pop. (1910) 14,082; (1920) 18,539. YAKIMA, a river of Washington, ris- ing in the Cascade Mountains, and flow- ing S. E. into the Columbia, which it joins about 10 miles above the mouth of the Snake river. Its valley is irri- gated, and is one of the most fertile in the State. The Yakima traverses a region with important coal mines. Length, about 175 miles. YAKOUB KHAN, Ameer of Afghanis- tan; born in 1849; son of Shere Ali; w'as nominated heir to the throne of Kabul in 1864. Appointed governor of Herat, he became extremely popular, and succeeded in maintaining his father's authority in that province when the rest of Afghanis- tan passed under the rule of the rival ameers, Afzul and Azim. It was owing to his admirable generalship that Shere Ali regained his throne in 1868, and when the latter visited India in the fol- lowing year, Yakoub Khan was appoint- ed governor of the capital. In 1870 he was made governor of Kandahar, and afterward was sent a second time to Herat, where, however, his great influ- ence excited the fears and suspicions of Shere Ali, who now declared his young- est son, Abdullah Jan, to be his heir, and sought to prejudice the British Govern- ment against Yakoub Khan, by falsely representing him as hostile to British in- terests. Captain Marsh, who visited him at Herat in 1872, found him exactly the reverse. In 1873 Shere Ali recalled him from Herat, but he declined to return, and for a year was practically in revolt. At length, under the most sacred pledges of safety, he proceeded to Kabul, but was treacherously imprisoned, and was only released when the flight of his father before the victorious advance of the British arms in the war of 1878 made his presence indispensable to pre- vent anarchy in the capital and the state. On the death of Shere Ali he succeeded to the throne, and on May 30, 1879, concluded a treaty of peace with the British. Shortly after the murder of Cavagnari in the following September, in which he was suspected of complicity, he fled to the army that General Roberts hurried forward to punish the Kabul assassins, was detained a prisoner by the Indian Government; and was deposed in 1880. YAKUTSK, a city and capital of the province of Yakutsk, Siberia; on a branch of the Lena river, 4 miles from the main stream. The city was founded in 1632 as a Cossack station and is the seat of the governor and provincial authorities. It has regularly laid out streets, wooden houses, a cloister cathe- dral, a pro-gymnasium for boys and girls, and several primary schools. It is the trading center of northern and eastern Siberia, and carries on an ex- tensive commerce in hides, furs, tallow, fish, mammoth bones, and reindeer. Be- fore the World War a great fair was held here annually from June 22 to Aug. 13, frequented by the natives from all over the province. Pop. about 10,000. YAKUTSK, a province in east Siberia, Russia, embracing the valley of the Lena river; bounded by the Yeniseisk, Irkutsk, Transbaikal, and Amur provinces, by the Arctic Ocean, and by a narrow strip of the district of Ochotsk. The population consists mainly of Yakuts, Yukagirs, and Tunguses, occupied in hunting, fish- ing, and as nomads overseeing large herds of cattle and horses. The country is rugged, consisting mainly of an ele- vated plateau, covered with forests and marshes. These marshes are frozen to a depth of several hundred feet. The forests abound in fur-bearing wild ani- mals; the rivers with fish. Gold min- ing is carried on extensively in the S. W. Yakutsk is the largest Siberian province, embracing nearly one-third of Siberia, and is nearly as large as Euro- pean Russia; area, 1,533,397 square miles; pop. about 400,000. YALE, ELIHU, an Anglo-American philanthropist; born in Boston, Mass., April 5, 1648; son of an English colonist. He went to England while very young and was there educated, never returning to America. About 1678 he went to the East Indies as a trader, and acquired great wealth. From 1687 to 1692 he was governor at Fort St. George, Madras. He gave to the Saybrook Collegiate School books and money valued at $4,000, a gift which resulted in the connection