Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 10.djvu/40

LEFT TSCHAIKOWSKY 24 TUAMOTU ISLANDS room 141 feet long and 50 feet broad. In one of its wings is a marble gallery 270 feet long by 28 wide, with a noble Ionic colonnade adorned with bronze busts of the most famous men of antiquity. The great park, one of the most carefully planted in Europe, contains a Turkish kiosk, a Chinese hamlet with a pagoda, a bridge built of Siberian marble over a canal connecting two lakes, a marble statue of Count Orlof, and the artificial ruins of a Gothic castle, in the chapel of which stands the marble statue of Hhrist by Dannecker, erected in 1824 by Maria Feodorovna at a cost of 30,000 rubles. In the armory is a large col- lection of armor, weapons, dresses, and relics of historical persons, while the model farm contains Tyrolese, Swiss and Dutch cattle, besides buffaloes and bi- sons. N. W. of the town is Pulkowa, the central Russian observatory. Pop. about 20,000. TSCHAIKOWSKY, PETEB ILTITSH, a Russian composer; born in Wotkinsk, Russia, in 1840; was educated at the School of Jurisprudence in St. Peters- burg; received an office in the Ministry of Justice in 1859; turned his attention to music in 1862; and studied in the Conservatoire of Music till 1865. He was Professor of the History of Music, Har- mony, and Composition in the Conserva- tory of Moscow in 1866-1878, and after- ward applied himself to composition. His works include the "Enchantress," "Va- kula," "Opritchnik," and several ballets and operas, six symphonies, and many concertos, symphonic poems, suites, etc. He died in St. Petersburg, Nov. 7, 1893. TSCHUDI, EGIDIUS, or, as he wrote himself, GILG SCHUDI, the father of Swiss history; born in Glarus in 1505, of a family of which several members were distinguished in war, politics and science. He studied under Glarean in Basel and Paris; was in 1533 and 1549 high baliff at Baden, and for some time a captain in the French service; after- ward traveling much among the Swiss mountains in search of materials for his historical studies. He several times acted as a mediator in the religious disputes of his time, but himself continued a Ro- man Catholic. In 1558 he became "Land- ammann" of Glarus; in 1559 was envoy to the Kaiser Ferdinand I. The chief of his numerous historical works is the "Chronicon Helveticum," embracing the period 1000-1470. The dramatic descrip- tion of this book Schiller declared to be "both homely and Herodotean, nay Ho- meric," and used amply in giving local color to his "Wilhelm Tell." Rilliet notes that it was Tschudi who first gave precision to the circumstances, dates and persons of the Tell legend. Many unpub- lished MSS. of Tschudi are preserved in the libraries of St. Gallon and Ziirich. He died in Glarus, Feb. 28, 1572. TSCHUDI, JOHANN JAKOB VON (tsho'de), a Swiss naturalist; born in Glarus, Switzerland, July 25, 1818. He traveled extensively in South America in 1838-1843 and again in 1857-1861. He wrote: "The Kechua Language" (1853); "Peru: Sketches of Travel" (1846); "Peruvian Antiquities" (1851); "Travels in South America" (5 vols. 1866-1869). He died in Jakobshof in Lower Austria, Oct. 8, 1889. TSECH, or CZECH, a branch of the Slavic race, inhabiting Moravia and Bo- hemia. TSETSE, the native name of Glossina moi'sitans, a dipterous insect, slightly larger than the house fly, from Africa, ranging from 18 "-24° S. latitude. It is brown, with four yellow transverse bars on the abdomen, beyond which the wings project considerably. The head is armed with a proboscis adapted for piercing the skin, and the fly lives by sucking TSETSE FLY blood. At first no effect is perceived, but in a few days after an ox has been bit- ten, the eyes and nose begin to run, the coat bristles, a swelling appears under the jaw, and sometimes at the navel, emaciation and flaccidity of the muscles ensue, followed by purging, staggering, in some cases madness, and finally death. On dissection the cellular tissue under the skin is found to be injected with air, as if a quantity of soap bubbles were scattered over it. See Sleeping Sick- ness, TUAMOTU ISLANDS. PAUMOTU, or LOW ARCHIPELAGO, an extensive group of islands in the Pacific, lying E. of the Society Islands and S. of the Mar- quesas; mostly under French protection. They export pearls, mother-of-pearl, tre- pang, etc. Pop. about 4,000.