Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 10.djvu/370

LEFT WATER BUG 312 WATER-COLOR PAINTING the vessels that should secrete the gas- tric juice throw out a clear, limpid water; hence its medical name of pyro- sis. The symptoms of this disease usually commence when the stomach is empty, either in the morning or the afternoon, and begin with a sense of burning heat and constriction at the pit of the stom- ach, producing a sensation as if the organ was being drawn up to the spine. To relieve this sensation, the patient folds his arms over his chest, and bends the body forward; after a time, a quan- tity of gas collecting in the stomach leads to an eructation, the patient bringing up from two to four ounces of clear, limpid water, sometimes, though rarely, acid, but generally insipid. Two or three eructations, with a gush of water after each, concludes the paroxysm, and for the time the patient is relieved of his suffering. Females are more subject to this disease than men, and those who live on a milk or farinaceous diet more than those who partake of a good stimu- lating dietary. Water brash is an affec- tion to which those of a sedentary habit, and who eat their meals hurriedly, with- out proper mastication, are liable. WATER BUG (otherwise "Water Scorpion" and "Water Boatman"), the name given to a section of the hemipter- ous family Notonectidse. The hind legs are long, and adapted for swimming. The body is prismatic in form, convex above and flat beneath, and the head is as large and as wide as the body. The antennae are four- jointed. Notonecta is the typical genus of the family. To the allied family Nepidx also belong species of the water bug, more especially named "water scorpion." Nepa cinerea is a familiar species. In Nepa the body ter- mmates in a long breathing tube, and the antennae are three- jointed. The water bug is predaceous, living chiefly on the larvae of other insects. WATERBURY, a city in New Haven CO., Conn.; at the confluence of the Naugatuck, Great Brook, and Mad rivers, and on the New York, New Haven and Hartford, and the New Eng- land railroads; 33 miles S. W. of Hart- ford. Here are the Academy of Notre Dame, St. Margaret's School ((P. E.), a high school, a Masonic Temple, a State armory, public library with over 50,000 volumes, many handsome churches and residences, waterworks, street railroad and electric light plants. National sav- ings, and other banks, and several daily and weekly newspapers. Waterbury is famous as the center of a vast manu- facturing business in watches and clocks and is the first city in the United States in brass manufactures. Other manufactures include buttons, plated ware, pins, hooks and eyes, percussion caps, carriages, lamps, etc. The metal working industries were established here prior to 1800, and for a long period Waterbury was the only city in the United States engaged in these indus- tries. The town was incorporated in 1686, and received its city charter in 1853. In February, 1902, a large part of the business section of the city was destroyed by fire, but it was quickly re- built. Waterbury was one of the chief producers of munitions during the World War. Pop. (1910) 73,141; (1920) 91,- 715. WATER-COLOR PAINTING, the most delicate of the graphic arts, is in an especial sense an English art. It was in England first that it attained to the dignity of a recognized artistic pursuit, and came to be — what it now is — admit- tedly the rival of oil painting in bril- liancy and power. It has had a large share in the modern prosperity of the fine arts, and of late has been practiced by eminent artists in various countries, as France, Germany, Austria, and the United States. In the illumination of missals water colors were used mixed •with the body white; and the same is true of the miniature painting of the 18th century. Frescoes and painting in tempera were also in a sense works in water color. But the art of water color, as we now understand the term, had its origin in quite a different way. Diirer and certain of the German, Flemish, and Dutch artists were accustomed to out- line drawings with a reed pen, and fill in those outlines with an auxiliary flat wash. Gradually the hard lines wei'e re- placed by touches with the brush, and the result was a monochrome in browns and grays, bistre or India ink. These again came to be tinted, and so sug- gested the full use of colors. Rembrandt often drew in brown, and added dashes of strong color; and Rubens produced something very like modern water-color drawings. The modern art became emancipated from the old traditions by "gradual dis- use of the general shadow tint, and imi- tation of the local color, not alone of the objects themselves, but of every modi- fication resulting from light, dark, half- tint, or distance, a method which at once led to far greater truth and richness than could ever have been attained by merely passing color over the universal shadow tint." The stained drawing gradually gave way to the more perfect tinted drawing. But the tinted style