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LEFT VINCENT 223 VINCI and wood. A French trading post was established here in 1710, and a colony in 1735, which lived peacefully with the Indians. Till 1813 Vincennes was the capital of the Northwest Territory. Pop. (1910) 14,895; (1920) 17,160. VINCENT, GEORGE EDGAR, an American educator, born at Rockford, 111., in 1864. He was educated at Yale University and at the University of Chi- cago, from which institutions, as well as from the University of Michigan, he re- ceived honorary degrees. After some years of editorial work and traveling, he became literary editor of the "Chautau- qua Press" in 1886; vice-president of the Chautauqua System in 1888; president of the Chautauqua Institution in 1907 and honorary president in 1915. At the same time he was connected with the University of Chicago, from 1892 to 1911 as instructor, assistant professor, asso- ciate professor and professor of sociol- ogy, serving, also, from 1907 to 1911 as dean of the faculties of arts, literature, and science. From 1911 to 1917 he was president of the University of Minnesota, becoming, in the latter year, president of the Rockefeller Foundation. He was a member of the General Education Board and ex-president of the American Soci- ological Society and wrote "Social Mind and Education" (1896) ; "An Introduc- tion to the Study of Society" (with A. W. Small, 1895). VINCENT, ST., a Spanish martjrr; born in Huesca, Spain; was imprisoned and tortured under Diocletian's reign, dying in Valencia in 304. His day is Jan. 22, VINCENT DE PAUL, ST., a French philanthropist; born in Ranquines, France, April 24, 1577. After studying in a convent of the Cordeliers, he went to the University of Toulouse, and in 1600 was ordained priest. On a voyage from Marseilles to Narbonne, he was cap- tured by pirates, and sent to Tunis, where he was kept in slavery for two years under three masters, the last of whom he converted to Christianity, and escaped with him to France, in 1607. He soon after settled in Paris, devoting himself to works of charity. He was named almoner to Margaret of Valois, held for a short time the cure of Cllichy, and in 1613 became tutor to the sons of Philippe de Gondi, one of whom became afterward celebrated as the Cardinal de Retz. In 1616 he began those labors as missionary which occupied so large a part of his life, and the next year he founded the "Brotherhood of Charity," the model of so many others afterward established. His next great task was the reform of the condition of criminals con- demned to the galleys; for which great service he was appointed almoner-gen- eral of the galleys. This unwearied philanthropist founded, in 1623, the Con- gregation of the Mission, which was con- stituted by royal letters patent, and ap- proved by the Pope. In 1634 he insti- tuted the order of "Sisters of Charity," the most widely known, perhaps, of all his foundations. He attended Louis XIII. on his death bed; was named by the Queen Regent Anne of Austria presi- dent of the Council of Conscience, took part in the controversy between the Jesuits and the Jansenists, against the latter; and died in the convent of the Lazarists, Sept. 27, 1660. He was canon- ized by Pope Clement XII., in 1737. VINCENT OF BEAUVAIS, or VIN- CENTIUS BELLOVACENSIS, a mediae- val encyclopedist; born about 1190. He was a Dominican friar. His voluminous works cover the whole field of mediaeval science. The chief is "The Greater Mir- ror" (Speculum Majus), a vast encyclo- paedia of fables, science, literature, etc., in three huge volumes of 80 books and 9,885 chapters; it comprises Natural, Doctrinal, Historical; another part, Moral, is by another hand. Part i. (ed. 1473-1476) contains 848 folio pages, and treats of the whole visible world, and even of the Creator, angels, etc. ; part ii., Doctrinal, is a summary of the scholastic philosophy, liberal and useful arts, gov- ernment, grammar, arithmetic, theology, etc. The third part gives the Bible ac- count of creation, the world's secular his- tory down to Constantine. and histories of the German, Frank, English, and other nations. He died about 1264. VINCENT OF LERINS, or VINCEN- TITJS LERINENSIS, an eccleciastical writer of the first half of the 5th cen- tury; was a native of Gaul and a monk of the monastery of Ledinum (an island, now St. Honorat), opposite Cannes. He was author of a "Warning against the Profane Novelties of all Heretics." In that work is for the first time laid down formally the test of Catholicity of doc- trine, which is that the Catholic doc- trine is "what everywhere, what always, what by all had been believed" {quod uhique, quod semper, and quod ab OTnni- b7(s creditum est). He is by some critics believed to be also the author of a treatise favoring the heretical opinions of the Semipelagians, which is the sub- ject of Prosper the Aquitanian's "Re- plies, on behalf of Augustine's Teaching, to the Heads of the Vincentian Objec- tions." VINCI, LEONARDO DA. NARDO DA VINCI. See Leo-