Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 10.djvu/245

LEFT VEUILLOT 207 VIBURNUM number of vetoes, including those of a bill to restrict Chinese immigration and several appropriation bills with riders attached. President Cleveland vetoed a larger number of bills than all the previous Presidents collectively, but the greater number of these were private pension bills. VEUILLOT, LOUIS (vuh-y5'), a French journalist; born in Boynes, (Loiret), Oct. 11, 1813. His works in- clude: "Pilgrimages in Switzerland" (1839) ; "Rome and Loretto" (1841) ; "The Virtuous Woman" (1844); "The French in Algeria" (1845) ; "Free- Thinkers" (1848) ; "Vindex the Slave" (1849); "The Day after the Victory" (1850); "The Droit du Seigneur in the Middle Ages" (1854) ; "The Perfume of Rome" (1861) ; "The Odors of Paris" (1866) ; "Paris during the Two Sieges" (1871) ; "Moliere and Bourdaloue" (1877); "Poetic Works" (1878); etc. He died in Paris, April 7, 1883. VEVAY, or VEVEY. a Swiss town in the canton of Vaud; a favorite health resort; remarkable for the beauty of its situation on the N. shore of the Lake of Geneva; 11 miles E. of Lausanne. It stands at the mouth of the gorge of the Veveyse. From the elevations about the town the fine view to the E. commands the valley of the Rhone, backed by the magnificent ramparts of the Alps of Valais. In the Church of St. Martin (date 1498) Ludlow, one of Charles I.'s judges, and Broughton, who read to him his sentence of death, are buried. There is some trade in milk, cheese, and wine; and Vevay cigars are largely made and exported. Pop. about 16,000. VIADUCT, a term applied to ex- tended constructions of arches or other artificial works to support a roadway, and thus distinguished from aqueducts, which are similar constructions to sup- port waterways. This term became familiar during the 19th century, in con- sequence of the great number of vast structures so designated which were erected in various parts of the civilized world for the purpose of carrying rail- ways or roadways over valleys and dis- tricts of low levels, or above surface roads, and the general name of viaduct is now recognized as applicable to all elevated roadways for which artificial constructions of timber, iron, bricks, or stonework are established; and accord- ingly among the principal railway works are to be enumerated viaducts of all these materials. V I A R D T-GARCIA. MICHELLE PAULINE, a French operatic singer; born in Paris, July 18, 1821; daughter of Manuel Garcia and younger sister of Madame Malibran. She was a pupil of Liszt. She appeared as Desdomona in London in 1839, and proving herself a worthy successor to her great sister, soon obtained a European reputation. In 1840 she married Louis Viardot, director of the Italian Opera in Paris. Perhaps her greatest successes were in Meyerbeer's operas, "The Huguenots" and "The Pro- phet," as Valentine in the former and as Fides in the latter. Her splendid voice had a compass of three octaves, and she shone in the concert room, particu- larly in the rendering of Spanish songs, as conspiciously as on the stage. She died in 1910. VIAREGGIO, an Italian town on a beautiful site on the Mediterranean coast; 15 miles N. W. of Pisa. Mala- rious swamps have been drained, and great pine woods shelter a health resort. Here Shelly's body was cast ashore. Pop. about 12,500. VIATICUM, among the ancient Ro- mans, an allov/ance made to soldiers, and to all persons traveling on business of state. In the Roman Catholic Church the viaticum is the Eucharist adminis- tered to dying persons. The priest is ordered to bring the sacred elements from the church to the dying person at any hour, whether by day or by night, when he may be called on for this last service of religion. VIAUD, LOUIS MARIE JULIEN. See LoTi, Pierre. VIBORG, one of the oldest cities in Denmai'k, and capital of a district of Jutland; stands on a small lake, 28 miles W. of Randers. Its 12th-century cathe- dral was rebuilt in 1726. Pop. about 10,000. VIBORG, or VUPURI. a city of Finland, on the Gulf of Finland, and at the mouth of the Saima canal, about 75 miles northwest of Petrograd. It has a 13th century castle, a museum, and a school of navigation. The city has im- portant sawmills, and does a large trade in lumber and dairy products, paper, and iron products. Pop. about 30,000. VIBURNUM, a genus of plants of the natural order Caprifoliacese, having a five-toothed calyx, a five-lobed, wheel- shaped, bell-shaped, or tubular corolla, five stamens, three sessile stigmas, and a one-seeded berry. The species are shrubs with simple leaves, natives chiefly of the N. parts of the world. V. optilus is the guelder rose, or snowball tree, and V. tdnus is the laurustinus, both well- known ornamental shrubs. V. lantana, sometimes called the wayfaring tree, is