Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 09.djvu/570

LEFT TBEVELYAN 500 TREVES 1878, he moved the resolution on the ex- tension of the County Franchise, which was lost hy 52 votes. Trevelyan's lit- erary works comprise: "Letters from a Competition Wallah" (1864); "Cawn- pore" (1865) ; "Ladies in Parliament and other Poems" (1869) ; "Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay" (2 vols. 1876; 2d ed. 1877) ; "The Early History of Charles James Fox" (1880; "American Revolu- tion" (1909); "George IIL and Charles Fox" (1914). TREVENA, JOHN, pseudonym of an English novelist, Ernest George Henham, born in 1873. Delicate in health he sought health in wandering and finally settled at Dartmoor, the scene of several of his novels. The works under his own name include: "Menotah: A Tale of the Canadian North West"; "God, Man and the Devil"; "Trenbrae"; "Bonanza: A Story of the Outside"; "Scud: The Story of a Feud"; "The Plowshare and the Sword"; "Krum: A Study of Conscious- ness." Works under his pseudonym in- clude: "A Pixy in Petticoats"; "Furze the Cruel"; "Arminel of the West"; "Heather"; "The Dartmoor House that Jack Built"; "Matrimony"; "Moyle Church Town." TREVES, a city of Rhenish Prussia; on the Moselle; in a valley between low vine-covered hills of ruddy sandstone; 69 miles S. W. of Coblenz and 111 S. S. W. of Cologne. The river is crossed here by an eight-arch bridge, 623 feet long, whose Roman piers date from 25 B. C. "A quiet, old-fa, ihioned town, Treves," Freeman says, "has a body of Roman remains far more numerous ar.d varied, if not individually more striking, than any other place north of the Alps can show." These include the "Porta Ni- gra," 118 feet long, and 95 high, one probably of the five gates by which Treves was entered in Constantine's time; the so-called Roman baths (more proba- bly part of an imperial palace) ; and a basilica built of Roman brick by Con- stantine for a court of justice, but de- molished in great measure to make room for an electoral palace in 1614. This, however, was removed, and the basilica fitted up for a Protestant church in 1856. Beyond the walls are the ruins of an amphitheater that could seat 30,000 spec- tators; and 6 miles off is the "Igelsaule" or "Heidenthurm," a monumental column, 71 feet high, sculptured with bas-reliefs of the 2d century. The cathedral of SS. Peter and Helena is an interesting struc- ture of various antiquity, but chiefly in the early German Romanesque style of the 11th century. The most famous of its relics is the seamless or "Holy Coat," which consists of "connected fragmentary particles of material." Said to have been brought to Treves by the Empress Helena, it is first referred to in 1109 by an anonymous monk, and was not a source of revenue till 1512. It was visit- ed by nearly 2,000,000 pilgrims in 1891, the first time of exhibition since 1844^ A "Holy Coat" is also shown at Ar- genteuil and in 19 other places. Con- nected with the cathedral by a cloister is the beautiful Liebfrauenkirche (1243) ; and there is a library of over 100,000 volumes and many MSS., among them the "Codex Aureus" of the Gospels, present- ed to the abbey of St. Maximin by Charle- magne's sister, Ada. A university, founded in 1472, was suppressed in 1798. The industries comprise manufactures of woolens, cottons, and linens, besides a brisk trade in corn, timber, and Moselle wine. Pop. about 47,000. Treves, which claims to be 1,300 years older than Rome, derives its name from the Treviri, a Gallic or, more probably, a Belgie people, who in Caesar's time inhabited a large district between the Meuse and the Rhine. Their capital, Augusta Trevirorum, seems to have be- come a Roman colony in the reign of Au- gustus, and ultimately was the head- quarters of the Roman commanders on the Rhine, and a frequent residence of the emperors, especially Constantino. Sacked by Attila in 451, it passed to the Franks in 463, to Lorraine in 843, to Germany in 870, and back to Lorraine in 895, and was finally urtlted to Germany by the Emperor Henry I. The Archbishop of Trevea was, as chancellor of Burgundy, one of the electors of the empire, a right which originated in the 12th or 13th cen? tury, and which continued till the French Revolution. The last elector removed to Coblenz in 1786; and Treves was the capital of the French department of Sarre from 1794 till 1814, since which time it has belonged to Prussia. TREVES, SIR FREDERICK, a Brit- ish surgeon, born in Dorchester, in 1853. He was educated at the Merchant Tay- lors' School and became Hunterian pro- fessor of anatomy and Wilson professor of pathology at the Royal College of Surgeons in 1881-1886 and examiner in surgery at Cambridge in 1891-1896. He was lord rector of Aberdeen University from 1905 to 1908. He acted as consult- ing surgeon in the South African War, was surgeon-extraordinary to Queen Vic- toria, and in 1902 operated on Edward VII. for perilyphilitis. He wrote "System of Surgery," and has published other works on medicine, war experience, and travel.