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LEFT TRENDELENBUBG 496 TRENTINO, THE philosophy in the treatise "The Ethical Idea of Right and Law," and the aesthetic aspect in "Niobe" (1846) and "The Ca- thedral of Cologne" (1853). He wrote also "Natural Justice on the Ground of Ethics" (2d ed. 1860). His principal claim to distinction as a thinker rests on his acute criticism of the systems of Kant and Hegel. He died in Berlin, ^an. 24, 1872. TRENT, or TRIENT, an old town of Italy in the Tyrol; on the left bank of the Adige; 54 miles N. N. E. of Verona. It has two suburbs, San Martino and Santa Croce, and in its environs villages rise beautifully above one another on the mountain slopes. Of the town, which is quite Italian in its character, the finest squares are the Piazza d'Armi and the Piazzi del Duomo, the latter adorned with a fountain, and containing the courts of justice. Among the 15 churches the fin- est are the Cathedral, a Romanesque basilica, with two domes, founded in 1048, begun in its present form in 1212, and completed in the 15th century; Santa Maria Maggiore, where the celebrated Council of Trent sat from 1545-1563, con- taining an admirable organ, and adorned with portraits of the members of the council; and the Church dell' Annun- ziata, with a high cupola resting on four pillars. Other buildings are the town hall, the Palace of Justice, the theatre, and the Palazzo Buon Consiglio, for- merly the residence of the prince-bishops, now a barrack. The town has two mon- asteries, a theological institute, an upper gymnasium, and a public library and museum. The industries are silk spin- ning and weaving, dyeing, iron founding, and the manufacture of cloth, pottery, and cards. In the vicinity are great marble quarries. Trent was a Roman colony, became in the 4th century the seat of a bishop, and in 574 of a Lom- bard duke. In 1027 Konrad II. granted to its bishops princely rank and the fief of the town. The bishropic was secu- larized in 1803, and added to the Aus- trian crown-lands. It is in the territory awarded to Italy by the treaty of St. Germain. Pop. about 30,000. TRENT, COUNCIL OF, the 18th in or- der and the first in importance of the "(Ecumenical" councils recognized by the Roman Catholic Church; was called forth by the Reformation in the 16th century, and demanded by both parties in the contest, for the reform of church discipline and the settlement of the points of controversy. After being re- peatedly postponed, it was convened at Trent as an exclusively Roman council by Pope Paul III., Dec. 13, 1545. In March, 1547, it was transferred to Bo- logna, but was reopened at Trent, by Pope Julius III., May 1, 1551. It was broken up, Jan. 18, 1562, in consequence of the victorious advance of the Elector Moritz, but was recalled by Pope Pius IV., Dec. 4, 1563, and reached its close, at its 25th session, Dec. 4, 1563. Its de- crees and canons, which were confirmed by a bull of Pius IV., Jan. 26, 1564, are drawn up with much clearness and pre- cision, though the doctrines of the Prot- estants are often exaggerated or falsi- fied. They were immediately acknowl- edged in Spain, Portugal, Italy, Poland, and Catholic Germany, and, in their doc- trinal part, in France. TRENTINO, THE, the name of that part of Tyrol which adjoined Italy be- fore the World War. This territory constituted one of the claims for which Italy entered the World War on the side of the Allies, in 1915, and was immediately occupied by the Italian army on beginning operations against the Austrians. The territory in question is in the southern part of the Tyrol, covers the Adige Valley, being watered by the Adige river, and its chief center of popu- lation is the city of Trent, whence the name of the Trentino is derived. This southern valley is bounded on the E. by the Trent (or Trentino) Alps, on the W. by the Ortler Alps, which project down into the fields of Lombardy. The main chain is cleft toward the center of the Trentino by a deep depression, in which lies the Brenner Pass. Included with the Adige Valley, in the Italian claims, were the Roveredo Valley and the Valley of the Sarca, or district of Riva, on Lake Garda. The claims of Italy rested not only on the nationality of the population of the Trentino, but on a historical basis as well. In early times this whole coun- try had been in possession of the Ro- mans. Later it fell to the Germanic bar- barians who invaded Lombardy. During the Napoleonic Wars the southern Tjo-ol, or the Trentino, was annexed to Italy, in 1814, but was given back to Austria in the year following. During the Austrian administration, however, the Italian in- habitants made continuous efforts to be separated from the German Tyrol, as a separate administrative unit, at least. Economically, too, the interests of the people were Italian, as their entire trade was with the S., their wood and cattle being exchanged for the grains grown in the plains of Lombardy. Italy's lack of national unity, till the middle of last century, and, later, her interests in Africa, compelling her to seek an alii-