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LEFT TBEASITRY DEPARTMENT 472 TREATY of annual expenditures, and of the prob- able revenue; prepares plans for the im- piovement and management of the rev- enue, and for the support of public credit; prescribes the forms of keeping and ren- dering all public accounts; collects and registers statistics of commercial and manufacturing operations, and in gen- eral directs the business of the depart- ment, in all of which he has the aid and advice cf three assistant secretaries and the assistance of a corps of bureau officers who attend to matters of admin- istrative detail in their respective ser- vices. PajTuents are made on warrants issued by the secretary or an assistant secretary, countersigned by either the first or second comptroller, and regis- tered by the register of the treasury. The office of the Treasurer of the United States is a bureau of the Treasury De- partment, and is specially charged with the custody of the public money. Other important branches of the Treasury De- partment are the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Bureau of the Mint, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, and the Secret Service Division engaged in the detection and prevention of counter- feiting. TREATY, specifically, an agreement, contract, or league between two or more nations or sovereigns, formally signed by commissioners, duly accredited, and solemnly ratified by the several sov- ereigns or supreme authorities of each state. Treaties include all the various transactions into which States enter be- tween themselves, such as treaties of peace, or of alliance, offensive or defen- sive, truces, conventions, etc. Treaties may be entered into for political or com- mercial purposes, in which latter form they are usually temporary. The power of entering into and ratifying treaties is vested in monarchies in the sovereign; in republics it is vested in the chief mag- istrate, senate, or executive council; in the United States it is vested in the President, by and with the consent of the Senate. Treaties may be entered into and signed by the duly authorized dip- lomatic agents of different States, but such treaties are subject to the approval and ratification of the supreme authori- ties. TREATIES OF VERSAILLES AND ST. GERMAIN, SUMMARY. The preamble names as parties of the one part the United States, the British Empire, France, Italy, and Japan, described as the Five Allied and Associated Powers, and Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, China, Cuba, Ecuador, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, the Hedjaz, Honduras, Liberia. Nicara- gua, PanSmS, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Roumania, Serbia, Siam, Czecho- Slovakia, and Uruguay, who with the five above are described as the allied and associated powers, and on the other part, Germany. It states that bearing in mind that on the request of the then Imperial Ger- man Government an armistice was granted on November 11, 1918, by the principal allied and associated powers in order that a treaty of peace might be concluded with her, and whereas the al- lied and associated powers, being equally desirous that the war in which they were successively involved directly or indirect- ly and which originated in the declara- tion of war by Austria-Hungary on July 28, 1914, against Serbia, the declaration of war by Germany against Russia on Aug. 1, 1914, and against France on Aug. 3, 1914, and in the invasion of Bel- gium should be replaced by a firm, just, and durable peace, the plenipotentiaries!, (having communicated their full powers found in good and due form) have agreed as follows: From the coming into force of the present treaty the state of war will terminate. From that moment and sub- ject to the provisions of this treaty, of- ficial relations with Germany, and with each of the German States, will be re- sumed by the allied and associated Powers. SECTION I LEAGUE OF NATIONS The covenant of the League of Nations constitutes Section I of the peace treaty, which places upon the League many spe- cific, in addition to its general, duties. It may question Germany at any time for a violation of a neutralized zone east of the Rhine as a threat against the world's peace. It will appoint three of the five members of the Sarre Commis- sion, oversee its regime, and carry out the plebiscite. It will appoint the High Commissioner of Danzig, guarantee the independence of the free city, and ar- range for treaties between Danzig and Germany and Poland. It will work out the mandatory system to be applied to the former German colonies, and act as a final court in part of the plebiscites of the Belgian-German frontier, and in disputes as to the Kiel Canal, and decide certain of the economic and financial problems. An International Conference on Labor is to be held in October under its direction, and another on the inter- national control of ports, waterways, and railways is foreshadowed. MEMBERSHIP The members of the League will be thd signatories of the covenant and other