Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 09.djvu/487

LEFT TOGA 425 TOLEDO ("the toga-wearing nation"), while the Greek pallium distinguished foreigners. The right of wearing it was the exclusive privilege of citizens, its use being for- bidden to Peregrini and slaves. It was, moreover, the garb of peace, in contra- distinction to the sagum of the soldier. When the young Roman was regarded as fit to enter on the business of life (at what age this was is uncertain, probably it depended on circumstances), he threw off the toga praetexta, and assumed the toga virilis. The toga prastexta was also the official dress of iJie higher magis- trates. The toga picta, an embroidered robe, was worn by a general in his tri- umphal procession. Candidates for any office wore a toga Candida — that is a toga which had been artificially whitened by the application of chalk or other similar substance; so arrayed they were styled candidati (whence our word candidate). Mourners wore a toga pulla of naturally block wool. TOGO, HEIHACHIRO, COUNT, Japanese admiral; born at Kagoshima in December, 1847. He entered the navy in 1863 and participated in the civil war of 1868. From 1871 to 1878 he studied in England at the Royal Naval College, T5reenwich, and on board British •vgax- ships. In 1894 when in command of the cruiser "Naniwa" he fired on and sank the Chinese transport "Kowshing," which led to the war between China and Japan. In 1900 he became vice-admiral. In the war with Russia he was appointed naval commander-in-chief and on Feb. 8, 1904, made a successful attack with torpedoes on the Russian fleet at Port Arthur, though war had not actually been de- clared. On May 27, 1905, he gave battle to the Russian Baltic fleet under Admirals Rojestvensky and Nebogatoff on its way to Vladivostok off Tsu Island, in Korea Strait, and practically annihilated it. In 1912 he was made Admiral of the fleet, and Chief of the General Naval Staff. TOKAT (to'koi), a town of Hungary, at the confluence of the Bodrog, with the Theiss; 113 miles N. E. by E. of Budapest. It derives its celebrity from its being the entrepot for the sale of the famous sweet wine of the same name, made in the hilly tract called the Hey- altya, extending 25 or 30 miles N. W. from the town. When new, Tokay wines are of a brownish-yellow muddy color, which, when very old, changes to a green- ish tint. The best qualities are extremely rich and luscious, but cloying. The finest and oldest varieties of Tokay bring large prices. Inferior Hungarian wines are frequently sold under this name, and many French and German imitations are also in the market. Pop. about 5,500. TOKYO, formerly called Yeddo, the capital of Japan, and chief residence of the mikado; on a bay of the same name; on the S. E. coast of Hondo, the largest of the Japanese islands, and connected by rail with Yokohama and Kanagawa. The bulk of the houses are of wood, but there are many new buildings of brick and stone. The greater part of the town is flat, and intersected by numerous ca- nals crossed by bridges. The streets are generally narrow and irregular. Educa- tion is well organized, and there are 700 private and elementary schools. Tokyo contains the imperial university, and it may be considered the center of the polit- ical, commercial, and literary activity of Japan. The total area of the city is about 80 square miles. It is composed of a number of towns rather than forming a single city. The Sumida River divides the city in two equal parts. The eastern portions along the river border and fronting the bay, are level and low. The western portions rise into hills of con- siderable height, with a dense popula- tion in the valleys separating them. The chief architectural feature of the city is the palace enclosure within the grounds of the ancient castle. The pal- ace of the Emperqr is constructed in mixed Japanese-European architecture. It stands in the midst of a beautiful park called Fukiage. East of the capital is the commercial portion of the city, with many important banks, shops, ho- tels and dwellings. A long street passes from northeast to southwest, through the city, and forms the main thoroughfare. It is a broad street with rows of trees and has electric cars and electric lights. Other streets and lanes radiate from it in all directions. While there are some buildings of modern construction, the greater number are old and unimpos- ing. In the northern part of the city is the arsenal, to which is attached a beauti- ful garden. Other notable buildings are the Imperial University, the Imperial Mu- seum, and several great temples. On the west bank of the Sumida is the Imperial Park. In the southern part of the city is Shiba Park. Beyond this is the temple of Sankakuji. The city has many delightful suburbs. It has few industrial interests, although there are numerous factories in the neigh- borhood. Pop., about 2,300,000. TOLEDO, a city of Ohio, the county seat of Lucas co. It is on the Maume« river, on both sides. The river is crossed by many bridges. Toledo is the third railroad center in America, and is the terminus of many important railway