Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 09.djvu/486

LEFT TOCQTJEVILLE 424 TOaA post-revolution France grew out of the pre-revolution France. Tocqueville in- tended to follow it up by others dealing with the great events in the later history of France. He was engaged at these when he died in Cannes, April 16, 1859. Besides the works mentioned above, he wrote "Etat Social et Politique de la France" (1834), "Le Droit au Travail" (1848). His "Complete Works" (9 vols. 1860-1865) were edited by his friend M. de Beaumont, who also edited his "Correspondance" (1860). TODD, EDWARD HOWAUD, an American college president, bom at Council Bluffs, la., in 1863. Graduating from the Simpson College of Indianola, la., in 1886, he became Methodist-Epis- copal pastor of the Valisca (Iowa) Cir- cuit. In 1888 he was ordained deacon, and in 1890 went to the West Church of Boston as student pastor. After that he was successively pastor in Vancouver, B, C, Tacoma, Seattle and a number of other cities. In 1910 he became vice- president of the Willamette University, in Washington. Since 1913 he has been president of the College of Puget Sound. TODD, HENRY DAVIS, JR., Ameri- can army officer, born in Claverack, N. Y., 1866. After graduating from the United States Military Academy, he entered the artillery of the United States Army. During 1908-12 he served on the General Staff, and had reached the rank of colonel in 1913. He was in command of the artillery which supported the First American Division during the St. Mihiel offensive, in France, in 1918, and com- manded the 58th Brigade during the Meuse-Argonne offensive. After the armistice he was stationed in Luxemburg with the Army of Occupation. On de- mobilization of the 33rd Division he was assigned to the General Staff College at Washington, D. C. TODLEBEN, FRANZ EDTJARD, a Russian military engineer; son of one of the Kaufmanns; bom in Mitau, Kurlandj May 20. 1818; educated at Riga, and at the College of Engineers in St. Peters- burg. He served in the Caucausus against Schamyl, 1848-1851, and under General Schilders in the Danubian campaign of 1853-1854, and on the outbreak of the Crimean War was ordered to the defense of Sebastapol against the Allies. By cumulating the fire of the garrison on the works of the Allies, and pushing forward with prodigous energy the construction of the fortifications of defense, Todleben rapidly turned the tables on his enemy and prolonged the siege 349 days. Tod- leben was raised to the rank of general of engineers, and received the order of St. George in 1858. The "Journal of the Defense" was subsequently expanded into the "Defense of Sevastapol" (1863-1870). Todleben was intrusted with the defense of Nicolaiev and Cronstadt, and as "adjoint" to the inspector-general of en- gineering (the Grand-Duke Nicholas), he exercized de facto the functions of that office from 1860. In September, 1877, after the failure of the great attack on Plevna, he was summoned to the direc- tion, and completely changing the Russian tactics completed the investment by the construction of works on the W. side, and so, by intercepting all reinforcements and supplies, ultimately stan'ed Osman Pasha into surrender on Dec. 11, with 20,000 men and 60 guns. On March 28, 1878, Todleben succeeded the Grand-Duke Nicholas as Commander-in-Chief of the army in Turkey, and in December follow- ing was appointed general of the 7th Grenadiers, and by special ukase the regiment received his name. He died in Soden, Germany, July 1, 1884, TOGA, the principal outer garment and characteristic national dress of the ancient Romans, who were hence desig- nated as emphatically the Gens Togata TOGA