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LEFT THUNDEBBOLT 381 THURMAN bar in pale, inflamed at each end, sur- mounting two jagged darts in saltire, be- tween two wings expanded, with streams of fire issuing from the center. THUNDER FISH, a species of fish of the family Siluridss, found in the Nile, which, like the torpedo, can give an elec- tric shock. It is the Malapterurus elec- tricus of the naturalists. THUNDERING LEGION, a Roman legion containing some Christians, which (A. D. 174) fought under Marcus An- toninus against the Marcomanni. The Roman army was shut up in a defile and ready to perish with thirst, when a thun- derstorm with heavy rain relieved them of their distress, and so terrified the enemy that a complete victory was gained. The Christians attributed the deliverance to the prayer. The heathen also considered the interposition super- natural, but ascribed it to Jupiter, Mer- cury, or to magic. Also a legion com- posed of Christian soldiers raised in the Thebais, and led by St. Maurice. The name existed long before it was applied to either of these two legions. THURGAU, a canton N. E. of Swit- zerland; bounded mainly by the Lake of Constance and the cantons of Zurich and St. Gall; area, 381 square miles; capital, Frauenfeld. It differs much in physical conformation from most other Swiss can- tons, in having no high mountains, though the surface is sufficiently diversified. The whole canton belongs to the basin of the Rhine, to which its waters are conveyed chiefly by the Thur and its affluents, and partly also by the Lake of Constance, including the Untersee. The principal crops are grain and potatoes ; large quan- tities of fruit are also grown. In many places the vine is successfully cultivated. The manufactures consist chiefly of cot- tons, hosiery, ribbons, lace, etc. Pop. about 135,000. THURIBLE, in ecclesiastical usage, a censer, a vessel for burning incense. Their present form, according to Mar- tigny, dates only from the 12th century. The modern thurible consists of a metal- lic vessel or cup, sometimes of gold or silver, but more commonly of brass or lateen, in which burning charcoal is placed, with a movable perforated cover. Chains are attached, so that the thurible may be waved to and fro. THURIFER, in ecclesiastical usage, the attendant at high mass, solemn ves- pers, and benediction, who uses the thuri- ble, either by simply waving it to and fro or for incensing the clergy, choir, and congregation, and at certain times pre- sents it to the officiating priest that he may incense the altar or the Host. THURINGERWALD (tii'rlng - er - valt), or Forest of Thuringia, a mountain chain in the center of Ger- many, stretching S. E. to N. W. for about 60 miles. Its culminating points are the Beerberg and the Schneekopf, which have each a height of about 3,220 feet. The mountains are well covered with wood, chiefly pine. The minerals include iron, copper, lead, nickel, cobalt, etc. THURINGIA (German, Thiiringen), the name still borne by that part of the ancient Saxon area which is generally bounded by the Werra, the Saale, and the Harz mountains; the Thuringian states being the minor Saxon duchies, the two Schwarzburgs, the two Reuss principali- ties, and small parts of Prussia, Saxony, and Bavaria. The district got its name from the Thuringian tribe of Germans, who were found inhabiting it in the 5th century. The Thuringian forest is a series of wooded mountain ridges occu- pjring a great part of this area. It is about 70 miles long, and belongs to the Sudetic system. THURINGITE, a hydrated silicate of alumina, and the protoxide and peroxide of iron, which occurs in the form of an aggregation of minute olive-green scales in Thuringia. THURLOW, EDWARD, LORD, an English jurist; born in Bracon-Ash, Nor- folk, England, in 1732. He was called to the bar in 1754, made king's counsel in 1761, and won great reputation by his speech in the Douglas case. In 1768 he entered Parliament. In 1771 he be- came solicitor-general and zealously sup- ported the policy of the government toward the American colonies. In 1778 he was made lord-chancellor, being raised to the peerage as Baron Thurlow. Pitt suspected Thurlow of intriguing with the Prince of Wales, and from this time an open disagreement took place between them. Pitt demanded his dismissal, to which the king at once agreed, and he was deprived of the great seal, June, 1792. He died in Brighton, England, Sept. 12, 1806. THURMAN, ALLEN, GRANBERY, an American jurist; born in Lynchburg, Va., Nov. 13, 1813; was admitted to the bar in 1835; elected as 'i Democrat to Congress in 1844; chosea judge of the supreme court of Ohio in 1851; and was elected United States senator in 1869 and 1874. While in Congress he drafted and secured the adoption of the "Thurman Act"; supported the "Bland- Allison Act"; Cyc. Vol. IX