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LEFT THOMPSON-SETON 365 THOMSON government of Manitoba; studied art in Paris in 1890-1896; was one of the chief illustrators of the "Century Dictionary" and author and illustrator of "Wild Ani- mals I have Known," "The Biography of a Grizzly," "The Trail of the Sand- hill Stag," "Wild Animal Play for Chil- dren," "Lives of the Hunted," etc., and became a popular lecturer on wild ani- mal life. In December, 1901, his name was legally changed from Seton-Thomp- son to Thompson-Seton. THOMS, WILLIAM JOHN, an Eng- lish author; born in Westminster, Eng- land, Nov. 16, 1803, He began life as a clerk in the Chelsea Hospital; later was clerk to the House of Lords, and its deputy-librarian in 1863-1882; was sec- retary of the Camden Society from 1838 till 1873; founder of "Notes and Queries" a849), and its editor down to 1872. He gave the name ("Athenseum," August, 1846) to the new subject of study, "folk- lore." His books include: "A Collection of Early Prose Romances" (3 vols., 1828; enlarged ed. 1858) ; "Lays and Legends of Various Nations" (4 vols., 1834) ; "Anecdotes and Traditions Illustrative of Early English History and Literature" (Camden Soc, 1838) ; "Hannah Light- foot, Queen Charlotte, and Chevalier D'Eon" (1867) ; "Human Longevity" (1873); besides a translation of Worsaae's "Primeval Antiquities of Denmark" (1849); and an edition of Stow's "Survey of London" (1875). He died in London, Aug. 15, 1885.

THOMSEN, VILHELM LUDVIG PE- DEB, a Danish philologist; born in Copenhagen, Denmark, Jan. 25, 1842. His principal works are: "The Magyar Lan- guage" (1866) ; "Influence of the Ger- manic Languages on the Finno-Lappish" (1870) ; "Relations between Ancient Rus- sia and Scandinavia" (1879) ; "Relations between the Finnish and the Baltic Languages" (1890). THOMSENOLITE (after Dr. Julius Thomsen, of Copenhagen), a mineral re- sulting from the alteration of cryolite. Crystallization monoclinic, occurring in prisms with horizontal strias, and also massive resembling chalcedony; hardness, 2.5-4; sp. gr. 2.74-2.76; luster, vitreous, on some faces pearly ; color, white ; trans- parent to translucent. Composition: Flu- orine 52.2; aluminum, 15.0; calcium, 15.4; sodium, 7.6; water, 9.8=100, which is equivalent to the hitherto accepted for- mula, 2 ( CaNa ) F-f Al^Fs-f 2H0 ; but Brand! has shown that the formula should be written [NaCa] Fa-fAlsFa-j- H.O. THOMSON, ARTHUR CONOVER, an American bishop of the Protestant Epis- copal Church; born in Fredericksburg, Va., in 1871. He graduated from the Theological Seminary of Virginia in 1893; was ordained deacon in the same year, and priest in 1895. In 1893 he was rector of South Farnham Parish, Rappa- hannock, Va., then went, in 1895, to the Church of the Resurrection in Cincinnati, Ohio, and finally was rector of Trinity Church, in Portsmouth, Va., from 1899 until 1917. In the latter year he was consecrated suffragan bishop of the dio- cese of south Virginia, and bishop co- adjutor two years later. THOMSON, SIR CHARLES WY- VILLE, a Scotch biologist; bom in Bon- syde, Scotland, March 5, 1830; was edu- cated at the University of Edinburgh; and became professor of mineralogy and geology in Queen's College, Belfast, in 1854. In the dredging expeditions of the "Lightning" and "Porcupine" (1868- 1869) he took part, afterward publish- ing in "The Depths of the Sea" (1869) the substance of his discoveries in regard to the fauna of the Atlantic. In 1869 he became fellow of the Royal Society; in 1870 professor of natural history in the University of Edinburgh. In 1872 he was appointed scientific chief of the "Challenger" expedition, which was ab- sent from England over three years, during which time 68,800 miles were sur- veyed. On his return he was knighted and drew up for the government a report on the natural history specimens col- lected on the expedition. But he only lived to publish a preliminary account of the expedition. "The Voyage of the 'Challenger'" (1877). He died in Edin- burgh, March 10, 1882. THOMSON, EDWARD WILLIAM, an American author; bom in Toronto, Can- ada, Feb. 12, 1849. He served in the Union army during the Civil War; re- turned to Canada; became an engineer and then a journalist. He wrote: "Old Man Savarin, and Other Stories"; "Walter Gibbs," a book for boys; "Be- tween Earth and Sky"; also the metrical portions of M. S. Henry's version of "Aucassin and Nicolette." THOMSON, ELIHTT, an American electrician; bom in Manchester, Eng- land, March 29, 1853 ; came to the United States; was graduated at the Central High School of Philadelphia in 1870, and taught there as professor of chemistry and mechanics in 1870-1880. In the latter year he resigned to enter the Thomson-Houston and General Electric Companies. Subsequently he secured Cyc. Vol. IX