Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 09.djvu/124

LEFT STIRLINGSHIRE 90 STOCKBRIDGE part of the Ochils and in the S. the lower Campsie Fells. Besides the Forth, the streams of Stirlingshire are the Avon, AUander, Kelvin, Endrick, Bannock, Car- ron, Allan (for about a mile), etc. The county includes rich coal and iron dis- tricts. There are some 40,000 acres of oak coppice, yielding a large supply of bark. The soil is varied, and agricul- ture is in a highly proficient state. Wheat and beans are abundantly pro- duced in the Carse, and potatoes and turnips in the higher "dryfield" farms. The manufacture of carpets, tartans, plaidings, shawls, and other woolens is carried on at Bannockburn, Cambusbar- ren, etc. There are large ironworks at Carron; cotton mills at Fintry, Balfron, and Milngavie; print-fields at Denny, Milngavie, Lennoxtown, etc.; tanworlis at Stirling and Falkirk; and shipping yards at Grangemouth. Pop. about 175,000. STITCHWORT, the Stellaria, a genus of Caryophyllacese, of which there are about 70 species (7 British) — all slender herbs, widely distributed through the temperate and cold regions of the globe. The best-known members are the great stitchwort (S. Holostea), which from its large white flowers in early summer is an ornament of hedgerows and pastures; wood stitchwort (S. nemorum), frequent in the N. of England and Scotland in shady places, but not so striking as the above; and the chickweed (S. media), native through Arctic and N. temperate regions, and now a cosmopolitan natur- alized weed. The great stitchwort was supposed to cure "stitch" in the side, hence the name. STITT, EDWARD RHODES, an Amer- ican physician and naval oflRcer, bom at Charlotte, N. C, in 1867. He was edu- cated at the University of South Caro- lina (A. B. 1885, LL. D. 1917); Univer- sity of Pennsylvania (M. D. 1889), and studied at the London School of Tropical Medicine in 1905. He was appointed a United States naval assistant surgeon in 1889 and became medical director, United States Navy, with the rank of rear-ad- miral in 1917. He specialized in trop- ical diseases and for many years served in the Philippine Islands. He was a professor of ti'opical medicine at George- town University, George Washington University, and Jefferson Medical Col- lege; a member of the National Board of Medical Examiners; a member of sev- eral medical societies; and a teacher, and since 1916 commanding officer, at the United States Naval Medical School. He wrote "Practical Bacteriology — Blood Work and Animal Parisitology" (1908) ; "Diagnostics and Treatment of Tropical Diseases" (1914). STOCK, a name originally applied to a cruciferous garden plant, Matthiola in- co.na (called more fully stock gilly- flower), but now extended to the various species of Matthiola, and to certain al- lied plants of the same order. They are herbaceous or shrubby, biennial or some- times perennial, and have single or dou- ble fragrant flowers. M. incaTia is prob- ably the parent of the greater number of the hoary-leaved varieties cultivated in Great Britain, and known as Brompton stock, queen stock, etc. M. annua is the source of the common or 10 weeks' stocks, and M. graeca of the smooth- leaved annual stocks. The Virginia stock (Malcolmia maritima) has been in- troduced from the Mediterranean, and like the species already mentioned is a great favorite in the flower garden on account of its beauty and fragrance. STOCKADE, an inclosui'e or pen made with posts and stakes. In civil engi- neering, a row of piles, or a series of rows with brushwood in the intervals, driven into a sea or river shore, to pre- vent the erosion of the banks. In forti- fication, stout timbers planted in the ground so as to touch each other, and loopholed for musketry. STOCKBRIDGE, FRANK PARKER, an American author and journalist, born at Gardiner, Maine, in 1870. He was educated in the public schools of Wash- ington, D. C, and at the George Washing- ton University, but learned the printer's trade in 1894 and became reporter and editorial writer on the Buffalo "Ex- press." He was the founder and editor of the "American Home Magazine" and later served in various capacities on the "New York American," "Globe," "Her- ald," "Mail," and the Cincinnati "Times- Star." He was prominently identified with the publicity campaign of President Wilson in 1911 and at various times was editor of the "Town Development Maga- zine," "Popular Mechanics," and "Old Colony Magazine." He was a member of the A. L. A. and of the Author's League of America, and besides fre- quently contributing to magazines wrote "Yankee Ingenuity in the War" (1919) ; and (with M. R. Trabue) "Measure Your Mind" (1920). STOCKBRIDGE, HORACE EDWARD, an American agricultural chemist, born at Hadley, Mass., in 1857. He was edu- cated at the Massachusetts Agricultural College, Boston University, and at the University of Gottingen. From 1884 to