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LEFT RIDGEWOOD 48 KIEL man and other societies and took a lead- ing part in founding the Cambridge Departments of Anthropology and Archi- tecture and in reforming classical tripos. His works include: "The Early Age of Greece"; "Origin and Influence of the Thoroughbred Horse"; "Homeric Lord System"; "Who Were the Romans?"; "The Oldest Irish Epic"; "First Shaping of the Cuchulain Saga"; "Origin of Tragedy." RIDGEWOOD, a village of New Jer- sey, in Bergen co. It is on the Erie railroad, and is almost entirely a resi- dential place. It has excellent schools and many handsome public and private buildings. Pop. (1910) 5,416; (1920) 7,580. RIDGWAY, a borough of Pennsyl- vania, the county-seat of Elk co. It is on the Clarion river and on the Penn- sylvania and the Buffalo, Rochester, and Pittsburgh railroads. Its notable build- ings include a courthouse, a high school, a hospital and a Y. M. C. A. building. It is the center of an important lumber- ing region and has manufactures of leather, iron, clay, lumber products, silk goods, dynamos, machine tools, etc. In the neighborhood are valuable deposits of coal and natural gas. Pop. (1910) 5,408; (1920) 6,037. RIDGWAY, ROBERT, an American ornithologist, born in Mt. Carmel, 111., in 1850. He was educated in the public schools and at Indiana University. From 1867 to 1869 he served as zoologist of the United States Geological Exploration of the 40th Parallel. In 1880 he became curator of the division of birds in the United States National Museum. He was a founder and twice the president of the American Ornithologists' Union, and was also a member of many American and foreign ornithological societies and con- ferences. He published, besides over 500 papers, the following books: "A History of North American Birds" (5 volumes, with Prof. Spencer F. Baird and Dr. Thomas M. Brewer) ; "A Manual of North American Birds"; "A Nomencla- ture of Colors for Naturalists and Com- pendium of Useful Information for Orni- thologists"; "Color Standards and Color Nomenclature"; "The Ornithology of Il- linois" (2 volumes) ; and "The Birds of North and Middle America" (8 volumes published). RIDING, the art of sitting on horse- back with firmness, ease, and graceful- ness, and of guiding the horse and keep- ing him under perfect command. The art of riding may be divided into (1) ordi- nary riding, (2) school riding, (3) circus riding, and (4) side-saddle riding. The two objects aimed at in ordinary riding (which includes riding on the road, hunt- ing, pig-sticking, stock-driving, breaking in young and freshly handled horses, playing polo, race and steeplechase rid- ing) are to remain in the saddle and to make the animal carry its rider with the greatest possible ease to itself. RIDLEY, NICHOLAS, an English clergyman, Bishop of London in the reigns of Edward VI. and his successor Mary; born about the commencement of the 16th century, and was educated at Cambridge. He afterward traveled on the Continent for three years, and on his return filled the office of proctor to Cambridge University. In 1547 he was chosen to the see of Rochester, and in 1550 superseded Bonner as Bishop of London. On the death of Edward he was involved in an attempt to secure the Protestant ascendency by placing the Lady Jane Grey on the throne. This, together with his connection with Cran- mer, led to his being tried for heresy, and condemned to the stake. This sen- tence he underwent with the greatest fortitude, in company with his friend and fellow-sufferer Latimer, Oct. 16, 1555, in Oxford. RIDPATH, JOHN CLARK, an Ameri- can educator; born in Putnam co., Ind., April 26, 1840; was graduated at Indiana Asbury University in 1863 ; and later held a professorship in Baker University, Kansas. In 1869 he became Professor of English Literature at Asbury Univer- sity, Indiana, and was elected its vice- president in 1879. Through his influence the endowment of nearly $2,000,000 was bestowed on the university by Mr. De- Pauw, whose name it now bears. In 1874-1875 he published a "History of the United States" which he supplemented with another in 1877. In 1876 he issued a "School History," and in 1879 an "Eng- lish Grammar." Desiring to devote his whole time to literature, he resigned his university offices. In 1881, he published the "Life of Garfield," a "Life of J. G. Blaine" in 1848, a "Cyclopaedia of His- tory" in 1880-1884, a "History of Texas" in 1884, "Great Races of Mankind" in 1894, "Life and Times of Gladstone" (1898), and "A History of the United States" (8 vols. 1900). He died in New York City, Aug. 1, 1900. RIEL, LOUIS, a Canadian insurgent, son of the half-breed leader of the Metis Indians who rebelled against Canadian rule; born in St. Boniface, Oct. 23, 1844. He was secretary of the Metis national organization, and later the president of their provisional government at Fort Garry in the Northwestern Territory. He