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LEFT RICE INSTITUTE 32 RICHARD I. Connecticut Federation of Churches. He edited the 5th edition of Dana's "Text- book of Geology" (1897), and published "Geology of Bermuda" (1884) ; "Science Teaching in the Schools" (1889) ; "Chris- tian Faith in an Age of Science" (1903) ; "Through Darkness to Dawn" (1917), etc. RICE INSTITUTE, an institution for higher education, founded in 1912, at Houston, Tex., from bequests left by William Marsh Rice, who, on his death, provided that his entire fortune of about $10,000,000 was to be used for this pur- pose. A campus of 300 acres was se- cured in 1909 at Houston, and the cor- ner-stone of the first building was laid in 1911. This, with several other build- ings, were ready for occupancy in 1912. Courses are offered in chemical, electri- cal, and mechanical engineering. There is also a course in architecture. The college is co-educational. In 1919 there were 678 students and 50 members of the faculty. President, E. O. Lovett, Ph.D. RICH, EDMUND, an English ecclesi- astic; born in Abingdon, England, about 1195. He studied theology at Paris, af- terward taught the Aristotelian logic and scholastic philosophy in Oxford, and was prebendary and treasurer of Salis- bury Cathedral 1219-1222. He preached the Sixth Crusade in 1227, became Arch- bishop of Canterbury in 1233, and exhib- ited great energy as a reformer. His authority was superseded by that of the legate, Cardinal Otho, and being unable to obtain redress at Rome, he retired to France in 1240 and died in 1242. He was canonized in 1249. RICHARD I., King of England, sur- named Cceur de Lion; third son of King Henry II. and his wife, Eleanor of Aqui- taine; born either at Oxford or at Wood- stock, Sept. 8, 1157, but was brought up among the knights and troubadours of Poitou, in Aquitaine, with which duchy, his mother's patrimony, he was while still a child invested by his father. In England Richard did not spend in all his life a full year; after he became king he spent only 26 weeks in his kingdom. It may indeed reasonably be doubted whether he could speak English. A fa- vorite of his unprincipled mother, he was induced by her to join his brothers Henry and Geoffrey in their rebellion (1173) against their father (see Henry II.). Henry II. had his eldest son, Prince Henry, crowned king as his suc- cessor during his own lifetime; and in 1183 he ordered that his younger broth- ers should do homage to him. Richard obeyed with the greatest reluctance; thereupon the ungrateful Prince Henry at once picked a quarrel with him, and marched an army into his duchy of Aquitaine. King Henry hastened to the assistance of the young duke, while the other brother, Geoffrey, sided with the prince. But the sudden sickness and death of the ingrate put an end to the quarrel. In the spring of 1189 Richard was in his turn in arms against his father. Philip of France, the pertina- cious foeman of King Henry, mingled in the strife; and eventually Richard joined forces with his father's enemy, did hom- age to him, and took the field against the old king. A reconciliation was ren- dered more difficult because of Richard's jealousy of John, his father's favorite. Richard became King of England, Duke of Normandy, and Count of Anjou on RICHARD I. July 5, 1189, and was crowned King of England on Sept. 3, following. But he had already taken the vows of the cru- sader; and besides his coronation, he had another object in coming to England; he wanted to raise funds for his crusade. He effected this latter purpose in a brief space of time by selling whatever he could get a purchaser for. About mid- summer 1190 he met Philip of France at the rendezvous, Vezelai in France; but from Lyons he made his way by a different route from Philip to Messina in Sicily. Both kings spent the winter in that city, and their mutual jealousy came within a hair's-breadth of a rup- ture. The throne of Sicily had just been seized by the Norman Tancred, an illegitimate son of King Roger, though the lawful heir was Henry of Hohenstau- fen, son of Frederick Barbarossa, and afterward the Emperor Henry VI. More- over, Tancred detained in custody Jo- hanna, widow of the late king (William the Good) and sister of Richard I., to- gether with her very large dowry. But