Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 08.djvu/473

LEFT SHOSHONE INDIANS 409 SHOW BREAD grandeur, being about 250 yards wide and 200 feet bigh. SHOSHONE INDIANS, a family of American Indians, also known as Snakes, living since 1805 to the W. of the Rocky mountains; they are now on four reser- vations, two in Idaho, one in Wyoming, and one in Nevada. Hostilities ceased in 1867, after an expedition had destroyed a great part of their braves and stores. Total number about 4,000. SHOT. See Ammunition; Projec- tile, etc. SHOULDER JOINT, the articulation of the upper arm or humerus with the glenoid cavity of the scapula or shoulder blade (see Arms). The shoulder joint forms an example of the ball-and-socket joints, the ball-like or rounded head of the humerus working in the shallow cup of the glenoid cavity. Such a form of joint necessarily allows of very consider- able movement, while the joint itself is guarded against dislocation or displace- ment by the strong ligaments surrounding it, as well as by the tendons of its in- vesting and other muscles. The muscles which are related to the shoulder joint are the supraspinatus above, the long head of the triceps below, the subscapu- lars internally, the infraspinatus and teres minor externally, and the long ten- don of the biceps within. The deltoid muscle lies on the external aspect of the joint, and covers it on its outer side in front and behind as well, being the most important of the muscles connected with it. The movements of the shoulder joint consist in those of abduction, adduction, circumduction, and rotation — a "univer- sal" movement being thus permitted; and its free motion is further aided, when the bony surfaces are in contact, by separate movements of the scapula itself, and by the motion of the articulations between the sternum and clavicle, and between the coracoid process and clavicle also. The biceps muscle, from its connection with both elbow and shoulder joints, bring the movements of both into harmonious rela- tion. SHOtTSE, JOUETT, an American pub- lic official, born in Woodford co., Ky., in 1879. He was educated at the Mexico (Mo.) High School, and at the University of Missouri. From 1898 to 1904 he was successively reporter, managing editor, and business manager of the Lexington (Ky.) "Herald," and also editor and man- ager of "The Kentucky Farmer and Breeder." After being interested in va- rious enterprises at Lexington, Ky., from 1904 to 1911, he removed in the latter year to Kansas and engaged there in farming and stock-raising. From 1913 to 1915 he served in the Kansas Senate, and from 1915 to 1919 he was a member of the 64th and 65th Congresses, from the 7th Kansas District. In 1919 he was appointed assistant secretary of the Treasury. SHOVEL, SIR CLOUDESLEY, an English naval officer; born probably in Clay, a Norfolk fishing village, about 1650. He was apprenticed to a shoe- maker, but he ran away to sea, and soon rose by his remarkable ability and cour- age through the grades of cabin boy and seaman to the quarter deck. He served as lieutenant under Sir John Narborough in the Mediterranean (1674), burned four pirate ships under the walls of Tripoli, commanded a ship at the battle in Ban- try Bay (1689), and was soon after knighted for his conduct. In 1690 he rose to be rear-admiral of the blue, and took an active part in the battle off Beachy Head; two years later, as rear-admiral of the red, he supported Admiral Russell heroically at La Hogue, and himself burned 20 of the enemy's ships. He was sent to Vigo in 1702 to bring home the spoils of Rooke, next served under him in the Mediterranean, and led his van at Malaga. In January, 1705, he was made rear-admiral of England. That year he took part with Peterborough in the cap- ture of Barcelona, but failed in his at- tack on Toulon in 1707. On the voyage home his ship, the "Association," struck a rock off the Scilly Isles on the foggy night of Oct. 22, 1707, and went down with 800 men on board. Four vessels of his squadron perished with as many as 2,000. Sir Cloudesley Shovel's body was washed up next day and buried in West- minster Abbey. SHOVELER, in ornithology, the Spatu- la (Ana) clypeata, the broadbill or spoon- bill duck, widely distributed over the Northern Hemisphere. Length about 20 inches; bill much widened on each side near tip, somewhat resembling that of the spoonbill; head and upper part of neck in adult male rich green, lower part white, back brown, breast and abdomen chest- nut brown. It nests in some dry spot near water, and lays from 8 to 14 green- ish-buff eggs. Also the white spoonbill. SHOW BREAD, or SHEW BREAD, in Judaism, a word modeled on the Ger- man schaubrode, Luther's rendering of the Hebrew lehem hapanim=bread of the faces or face, perhaps meaning designed for the presence of Jehovah. It is called also the "continual shew bread" (II Chron. ii. 4), or, more briefly, the "con- tinual bread" (Num. iv. 7), or "hallowed bread" (I Sam. xxi. 4-6). It was to be set on a table of shittim wood, overlaid