Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 08.djvu/39

RHIZOPODA Singapore. It consists of a European town, and a Chinese or native town, and having a capacious haven where large vessels find anchorage, carries on a considerable trade. It is the capital of a Dutch residency, comprising the islands of the Rhio Archipelago and other groups as well as districts on the E. coast of Sumatra. The population of the residency is about 108,000. The Rhio Archipelago is a group of small islands lying chiefly S. and E. of Singapore. Chief island, Bintang.  RHIZOPODA, a name introduced by Dujardin for an order of infusoria, which were defined as animalcules in mutable form, moving by means of multiform exsertile processes, without vibratile cilia or other external organs. When the sub-kingdom Protozoa was formed, the name Rhizopoda was retained for the class containing individuals with the power of emitting pseudopodia, and the class was divided into five orders: Monera, Amœbea, Foraminifera, Radiolario, and Spongida. The rhizopoda are the Myxopodia of Huxley, and this latter name has been retained by Professor Lankester in his reclassification of the Protozoa.  RHODE ISLAND, a State in the North Atlantic Division of the North American Union; bounded by Massachusetts, Connecticut, Narragansett Bay, Block Island Sound, and the Atlantic ocean; one of the original 13 States; capital, Providence; number of counties, 5; area, 1,248 square miles; pop. (1910) 542,610; (1920) 604,397.

Topography.—The State is divided into two unequal parts by Narragansett Bay, which extends inland about 30 miles. The surface of the W. portion or mainland is hilly, but the hills are all low; the greatest height, Durfee Hill, having an altitude of 805 feet. There are numerous salt marshes along the ocean. The E. part consists mainly of islands. Of these the largest and most important is Rhode Island from which the State derives its name. Others are Conanicut, Hope, Patience, Starved Goat, Prudence, Perry, Dyer's, and Dutch Islands. The principal rivers are the Pawtucket, navigable as far as Pawtucket, where it changes its name to Blackstone, the Pawcatuck, forming part of the boundary between Rhode Island and Connecticut, and the Pawtuxet, flowing across the central part of the State, and emptying into the Providence river, an arm of the Narragansett Bay. There are numerous coves and bays branching off from Narragansett; among them being Greenwich bay, Sexonnet river, Mount Hope bay, and Providence river. Block Island, 10 miles from the coast, belongs to the State.

Geology.—The islands of Narragansett bay are of Carboniferous origin and contain the most extreme bed of anthracite in the United States. The W. part of the State and the E. shore of the bay are of Azoic formation, while Block Island belongs to the Tertiary era. The mineral resources of the State are not very extensive, though considerable anthracite coal, excellent for smelting purposes, and much magnetic iron have been mined at times. There are about 20 large granite quarries in the State; those at Westerly being noted for their value in monumental work. The value of the mineral product is about $1,000,000 annually.

Manufactures.—In common with New England States, Rhode Island is noted for its manufacturing interests. In 1914 there were 2,190 manufacturing establishments, employing 113,425 wage-earners. The capital invested was $308,444,563. The value of the materials used amounted to $162,425,219, and the value of the output was $279,545,873. Rhode Island is among the first of the States in the dyeing industry. It is also among the leading States in the production of cotton, woolen, worsted, and silk goods. The manufacture of rubber and elastic goods is also an important industry.

Agriculture.—The acreage, production, and value of the principal crops in 1919 was as follows: corn, 11,000 acres, production 495,000 bushels, value $921,000; hay, 57,000 acres, production 86,000 tons, value $2,752,000; potatoes, 5,000 acres, production 425,000 bushels, value $765,000.

Banking.—On Sept. 12, 1919, there were 17 National banks in operation, having $5,570,000 in capital, $4,442,000 in outstanding circulation, and $9,929,000 in United States bonds. There were also 3 State banks, with $520,000 capital and $6,066,000 resources; 14 loan and trust companies, with $8,528,000 capital, and $10,562,000 surplus; and 15 mutual savings banks, with $101,259,647 in deposits. The exchanges at the United States clearing house at Providence for the year ending Sept. 30, 1919, amounted to $555,301,000.

Education.—There were in 1919 2,093 public elementary schools, 2,585 teachers, and 82,300 enrolled pupils. There were 163 high schools, with 8,756 pupils. The total expenditure for educational purposes is about $4,000,000 annually. Under the control of the Department of Education are the School of Design, Providence, and the Institute for the Deaf, Providence. The Rhode Island Normal School, and Brown University, at Providence, are the principal educational institutions in the State.

Churches.—The strongest denominations