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LEFT SCOTT 299 SCOTT International Peace, was president of the American Institute of International Law, and was a delegate to many scientific and political conferences. During the Span- ish-American War he served in the 7th California Infantry. He edited many volumes dealing with international law, and was the author of "The Hague Peace Conferences of 1899 and 1907" (1909) ; "An International Court of Justice" (1916) ; "Survey of International Rela- tions Between the United States and Germany" (1918). SCOTT, LEROY, an American writer, born at Fairmount, Ind., in 1875. He graduated from the University of Indi- ana in 1897 and until 1900 engaged in newspaper work. In 1902-3 he was as- sistant headworker of the University set- tlement of New York. From 1904 he devoted himself entirely to writing. His books include "The Walking Delegate" (1905) ; "The Shears of Destiny" (1910) ; "No. 13 Washington Square" (1914) ; "Mary Regan'" (1918) ; and "A Daugh- ter of Two Worlds" (1919). SCOTT, or SCOT, MICHAEL, a Scotch philosopher of the 13th century. Of his life little is known. His nationality even is in doubt: the Italians and the Span- iards as well as the Scotch claimed him as their countryman. His great learning won for him the reputation of being a magician. His writings treat of astrol- ogy, alchemy, and the occult sciences in general; among them are treatises "On the Sun and Moon," "On Palmistry," "On Physiognomy and Human Procreati.on." According to traditions he died in 1230 and was buried in Melrose Abbey. SCOTT, ROEERT FALCON, an Eng- lish Antarctic explorer and naval officer, born in Devonport, in 1868. He joined the navy, where he became torpedo lieu- tenant. In 1901 he was given command of the Royal Geographical Antarctic ex- ploration, in which, with a base on Mc- Murdo sound, he made expeditions which resulted in important discoveries, includ- ing King Edward VII Land and Victoria Land. On his return he was promoted to be captain and received degrees from Cambridge and Manchester universities. He was also awarded gold medals by sev- eral geographical societies. In 1910 he was appointed commander of the British National expedition, which also operated from McMurdo sound. Its chief object was to reach the South Pole, and this was accomplished after a continuous sledge journey of 1,842 miles. The pole was reached on January 18, 1912. It had, however, already been reached by Amund- sen, five weeks before. On the return journey, the entire party perished. Scott himself died from starvation and expo- sure on Mar. 29, 1912, within 155 miles of the home station. In 1915 a bronze statue CAPTAIN ROBERT FALCON SCOTT of Captain Scott was unveiled in Water- loo Place, London. He wrote "Voyage of the Discovery" (1905). "Scott's Last Expedition" was published after his death, in 1913. SCOTT, THOMAS ALEXANDER, an American railroad manager ; born in Lou- don, Pa., Dec. 28, 1824; became connected with the Pennsylvania railroad in 1850; was made its general superintendent in 1858, and its vice-president in- the fol- lowing year. When the Civil War broke out he was placed on the staff of Gov. Andrew G. Curtin of Pennsylvania, and had charge of the sending of volunteers to the front. In April, 1861, the Secre- tary of War requested him to build a railroad branch from Philadelphia to Washington, which he did in a surpris- ingly short time; in May, 1861, he was commissioned a colonel of volunteers and placed in command of all government tel- egraphs and railroads. On Aug. 1 of the same year he was appointed assistant Secretary of War. He resigned this post in June, 1862, to give his time wholly to railroad management; but re-entered the service of the government in September, 1863, and directed the movement of two army corps to Chattanooga to relieve Gen. William S. Rosecrans. He was pres- ident of the Pennsylvania Railroad Com- pany in 1874-1880. In the latter year he was forced to resign by ill health. He died in Darby, Pa., May 21, 1881.