Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 08.djvu/262

LEFT SALVADORA 218 SALVATION ARMY was killed by an assassin and on the expiration of the term for which he had been elected, Carlos Melendez was in 1915 elected president for the term 1915 to 1919. He at once addressed himself to improving the finances of the country, and in this he met with some success. When the United States entered the war with Germany, the Government pro- claimed its neutrality, but explained that its attitude was friendly toward the United States, and in proof of this offered the use of the ports of the country to the United States. In March, 1920, Salvador joined the League of Nations, and at the same time revived a scheme for a central federation or union of the five Central American republics under one governor, such a union to take place on Sept. 15, 1921. An exceptional large crop in 1920 made the year the most prosperous of this country. The coffee harvest was es- timated at 100,000,000 pounds. A mora- torium, which had been in operation since the beginning of the World War, termi- nated on June 28, 1920. Congress on Aug. 27, 1920, passed a resolution favor- ing the political unity of the five repub- lics. SALVADORA, a genus of plants, type of a natural order (Salvador ace se) of monopetalous dicotyledons, allied to Olea- cese and Jasminacese. They have stems with slightly swollen joints, opposite en- tire leaves, and loose branching panicles of small flowers. S. persica is supposed to be the mustard tree of Scripture, which has very small seeds and grows into a tree. Its fruit is succulent and tastes like garden cress. The bark of the root is acrid. SALVAGE, the act of saving a ship or goods from extraordinary danger, as from fire, the sea, an enemy, pirates, or the like. In commercial and maritime law : (1) A payment or compensation to which those persons are entitled who have by their voluntary efforts saved ships or goods from extraordinary danger, as from fire, the sea, an enemy, pirates, or the like. The amount of salvage to be paid is generally agreed on between the salvors and the owners of the property salved; but if they cannot agree, the sum to be paid, and the proportions in which it shall be paid, are determined by the Admiralty Court. The crew of a ship are not en- titled to any salvage for any extraordi- nary efforts they may make in saving their own vessel. (2) The property saved from extraordinary danger by the volun- tary efforts of the salvors. SALVARSAN, Arseno-benzol, "606," an organic compound containing arsenic, first prepared by Ehrlich and Hata in 1907, its full chemical name being dioxy- diamido-arseno-benzol dihydrochloride. It is a specific in the treatment of syphilis and other diseases. It is administered in- travenously, or injected into the muscles. The latter method is considered more ef- fective, but it produces much pain, and the intravenous method is that generally adopted. The drug is very effective in the early stages of the disease, two or three doses usually affecting a cure with- in six months. In the secondary stage the disease can be cured in from six months to a year, and most cases even further developed yield to prolonged treatment. Neo-salvarsan was prepared by Ehr- lich in 1912, in consequence of occasional undesirable results following the injection of salvarsan. It is a combination of sal- varsan with sodium formaldehyde-sulph- oxalate, and while less toxic than salvar- san is generally considered less potent, although it is claimed for it that its ef- fects, although slower, are more lasting. It contains about two-thirds as much ar- senic as salvarsan, and occurs as a yellow powder, which is dissolved ^ in distilled water immediately before being injected. SALVATION, the act of saving; res- cue or preservation from danger, great calamity, or total destruction; as, marry- ing money was his salvation. In theology, the deliverance wrought out by Christ for mankind, saving them from the conse- quences of their sins. SALVATION ARMY, an organization, formed on the model of an army, for evangelizing the masses in large cities; originally known as the Christian Mis- sion; founded at Mile End, London, by the Rev. William Booth, July 5, 1865. From 1872 to the present the movement has spread and is now represented in 66 countries. In 1918 there were _ 10,591 corps and outposts, 1,246 social institu- tions, 17,476 officers and cadets, 68,676 local officers, and 31,400 bandsmen. The organization issued 76 periodicals with 1,210,000 total copies per issue. The total number of its social institutions was 1,246, including food depots, shelters, in- dustrial homes, labor bureaus, inebriates' homes, children's homes, rescue homes, and maternity homes. Almost 6,500,000 beds and 17,500,000 meals were supplied. The labor bureaus received 82,475 appli- cations for work and found 75,730 situa- tions. In 1919, in the United States, there were 1,000 corps and outposts; 3,000 offi- cers and cadets; 75 hotels; 92 industrial homes; 11 slum posts and nurseries; 25 rescue homes and maternity hospitals. In 1919, $14,000,000 was subscribed. In all the large cities of the United States