Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 08.djvu/249

LEFT SAKKARA 205 SALAMANCA SAKKARA, a village of Egypt, where Is the necropolis of ancient Memphis. It is remarkable for its ancient monuments, pyramids, etc. SAKI, a monkey, called also fox-tailed monkey, belonging to the Cebidx, genus Pithecia. These animals usually reside in the outskirts of forests, in small so- cieties of 10 or 12 individuals. On the slightest provocation they display a mo- rose and savage temper; and, like the howlers, they utter loud cries before sun- rise and after sunset. SAKI, or SAKE, the native beer and common stimulating drink of the Japa- nese. It is made from rice, and is drunk warm, producing a very speedy but tran- sient intoxication. SAKIEH, SAKIA, or SAKEEYEH, a machine used in Egypt for raising water from the Nile for the purpose of irriga- tion. It is a modification of the Persian wheel, and consists of a series of cogged wheels, turned by a buffalo or camel, each revolution of the wheel working up a series of earthen pitchers which empty themselves into a trough or pool. SAKMARA, a river of Asiatic Russia, rising in the Ural Mountains, and after a S. course of 350 miles, joining the Ural river, 20 miles S. E. of Orenburg. SAKYAMUNI, or the "Saint Sakya," a name of the founder of the Buddhist religion. See Buddhism. SAL (sal), one of the most valuable timber trees of India, Shorea robusta, natural order Dipteraceae, growing to the height of 100 feet. Extensive forests of it exist in northern India, where it is largely used in carpentry of all kinds, the wood being light brown in color, hard, and uniform in texture. It yields a whit- ish, aromatic, transparent resin (some- times called dammar), used to caulk boats and ships, and also for incense. The sal forests are now protected by government. SALA, GEORGE AUGUSTUS HENRY, loo to the Peninsula," "My Life and Ad* ventures," etc. He died in Brighton, England, Dec. 8, 1895. SALADIN, or SALAHEDDIN, a cele- brated Sultan of Egypt and Syria; born in 1137. In the time of the Crusades he distinguished himself by his valor. He made great conquests in Syria, Arabia, Persia, and Mesopotamia; after which he defeated the Christians with great slaughter near Tiberias and took Guy de Lusignan, King of Jei-usalem, prisoner. This was followed by the surrender of Jerusalem, where he behaved with great generosity to the Christians. In 1189 Richard Cceur-de-Lion, with his ally, Philip Augustus, King of France, laid siege to Acre, which, after a two years' struggle, was taken by them. The cru- saders subsequently took Caesarea and Jaffa, and Richard Cceur-de-Lion ad- vanced to within a short distance of Je- rusalem; but a truce was afterward concluded between Saladin and the Chris- tians; soon after which the Sultan died, broken down by his constant toil. He died in Damascus in 1193. SALAL BERRY, the fruit of Gaul- theria shallon, growing in the valley of the Oregon, about the size of a common grape, of a dark-purple color and of sweet, pleasant flavor. SALAMANCA, a village of New York, in Cattaraugus co. It is on the Allegheny river and on the Pennsylvania, the Erie, the Buffalo, Rochester, and Pittsburgh, and the Western New York and Pennsyl- vania railroads. It is the center of an important lumber region and has railroad repair shops, manufactures of furniture, lumber, leather, etc. Pop. (1910) 5,792; (1920) 9,276. SALAMANCA, a city of Spain; on and between three low hills beside the river Tormes, 110 miles N. W. of Madrid. From the middle of the 13th to the close of the 17th century it was the seat of one of the most celebrated universities in Eu- rope. In Salamanca's palmy days her an English journalist; born in London, population reached 50,000. The library. England, in 1828 ; early became a contrib- founded in 1254, contains over 70,500 vol- Words"; was the umes and 870 MSS. The city is still sur- rounded with walls, pierced by 10 gates, to "Household Words"; was the founder and first editor of the "Temple Bar Magazine"; visited the United States as a correspondent of the London "Daily Telegraph" in 1863; went to Algeria in the same capacity in 1864; and was a war correspondent during the Franco-Prus- sian War in 1870. For several years he edited "Sala's Journal." He acquired a for- and preserves very much of its mediaeval appearance, its houses, convents, and churches, its streets and squares having altered but little since the university be- gan to decline. The river is crossed by a bridge of 27 arches, in part of Roman construction. The great square is the tune in journalism, but was extravagant largest perhaps in Spain; it is surrounded and finally became bankrupt. His writings by an arcade, and has on one side the mu- mclude: "Twice Round the Clock," "A nicipal buildings. It was used for bull Journey Due North," "My Diary in Amer- fights, and can hold 20,000 spectators. ion in the Midst of War," "From Water- The city possesses two cathedrals; the old N— Cyc Vol s