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LEFT SAINT PAUL 199 ST. PAUL'S large collection of pictures, sculpture, and craft work. St. Paul is notable for its beautiful private residences. The principal resi- dential street is Summit Avenue, but there are others scarcely less notable. The hills on which the city is built make the resi- dential portions particularly attractive, and in every direction from its center lie attractive suburbs. Among the suburbs lying S. along the river is South Saint Paul, where are located the great stock yards. The city has an excellent school system comprising public and high schools. There were in 1920, 62 public grade and high schools, with a teaching and supervising staff of 750, and an enrollment of over 35,000 pupils. In addition there are 46 private and parochial schools with an attendance of about 13,000. There are six colleges and universities, including the State College of Agriculture. The State University is within ten minutes ride from the city limits. There are 11 business and trade schools, 8 schools of music, and 3 art schools. St. Paul has facilities for large river traffic. The municipal dock is equipped with the most modern facilities. Four railroads have direct access to the river front on different portions of the harbor. There is an adequate supply of power derived from water power developments in the neighborhood of the city. There is also available a supply of gas for those industries which require this commodity for a source of energy. There were in 1919 849 manufacturing establishments, with 41,248 wage-earners, a capital investment of $155,685,000, and a product valued at $215,000,000. The most important industries are boots and shoes, the manufacture of butter, cheese and condensed milk, railroad repair shops, foundry and machine shop products, fur goods, and meat packing. It is also one of the most important milling centers of the United States. St. Paul is a whole- sale jobbing center for the surrounding country. There were in 1920, 32 banks with an aggregate capital of $10,040,373, and sur- plus and undivided profits of $5,776,480. The bank clearings at the close of 1919 amounted to $961,376,325. The assessed value of property on December 31, 1919, was $135,804,277, of which $99,300,903 was in real estate. The net bonded debt was $8,300,941. Pop. (1900) 163,065; (1910) 214,744; (1920) 234,698. History. — A French Canadian settled on the site of the city in 1838. Three years later Father Gaultier, a French Catholic priest, founded the first church here, and named it St. Paul, from which the city derived its name. It received its city charter in 1854, and united the sub- urb of West St. Paul in 1874. Since the latter year there has been such a rapid growth that the outskirts of the city reach those of Minneapolis. These two cities are known as "The Twin Cities of the West." ST. PAUL, a volcanic islet 2 miles long and 860 feet high, in the Indian Ocean, midway between Africa and Aus- tralia. It is comparatively bare, in con- trast to the smaller but densely vegetated island of New Amsterdam, 50 miles to the N. St. Paul's Rocks is a group of small islets 1° N. of the equator and 540 miles from the South American coast. ST. PAUL, an island near the entrance of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, N. E. of Cape Breton. It is small; its surface is undu- lating and hilly; and it is traversed by strips of forest. ST. PAUL'S, a cathedral in London, England, situated on Ludgate Hill, an elevation on the N. bank of the Thames. The site of the present building was orig- inally occupied by a church erected by Ethelbert, King of Kent, in 610. This was destroyed by fire in 1087, and another edifice, Old St. Paul's, was shortly after- ward commenced. The structure was in the Gothic style, in the form of a Latin cross, 690 feet long, 130 feet broad, with a lead-covered wooden spire rising to the height of 520 feet. The middle aisle was termed Paul's walk, from its being fre- quented by idlers as well as money lend- ers and general dealers. Old St. Paul's was much damaged by a fire in 1139, by lightning in 1444, again by fire in 1561, and was utterly destroyed by the great fire in 1666. The ruins remained for about eight years, when the rebuilding was taken in hand by the government of Charles II. (1675-1710). The whole build- ing was completed at a total cost of $7,- 556,010 by Sir Christopher Wren. It is of Portland stone, in the form of a cross. Its length is 510 feet; the width from N. to S. portion 282 feet; the general height is 100 feet. The whole is surmounted by a great dome raised on eight arches. Above the dome is a lantern or gallery terminated above by a ball and gilded cross, 363 feet from the pavement be- neath. The elevated portico forming the grand entrance consists of 12 Corinthian columns, with an upper series of eight pillars of the Composite order, support- ing a pediment; the front being flanked by two bell-towers 120 feet in height. The entablature represents in relief the con- version of St. Paul, a work of Francis Bird. On the S. front, which corresponds with the N., is a phcenix rising from the flames, with the motto, "Resurgam" (I