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LEFT BUSH 148 BUSKIN held till his death. He was called "the Sydenham of America" and his medical works brought him honors from several European sovereigns. He wrote "Medi- cal Inquiries and Observations" (5 vols., 1789-1793); "Essays" (1798), and "Dis- eases of the Mind" (1812). He died in Philadelphia, April 19, 1813. BUSH, BICHABD, an American statesman; born in Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 29, 1780; son of the preceding. He was graduated at Princeton College in 1797; studied law in Philadelphia; was appointed attorney-general of Pennsyl- vania in 1811, and was attorney-general of the United States from 1814 to 1817. In 1817 he was temporary Secretary of State under President Monroe, and was by him appointed minister to England, from whence he was recalled in 1825 by President Adams, who made him Secre- tary of the Treasury. In 1828 he was candidate for the vice-presidency on the same ticket with President Adams, who was nominated for re-election, and re- ceived the same number of electoral votes. In 1836 President Jackson appointed him commissioner to obtain the Smithsonian legacy, then in the English Court of Chancery, in which he was successful, and returned in 1838 with the entire amount, $515,169. In 1847 he was appointed min- ister to France. At the close of President Polk's term he asked to be recalled and spent the rest of his life in retirement. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., July 30, 1859. He left "Memoranda of a Resi- dence at the Court of St. James," two volumes (1833-1845); "Washington in Domestic Life" (1857) ; "Occasional Pro- ductions, Political, Diplomatic" (1860) ; etc. BUSHVILLE, a city of Indiana, the county-seat of Rush co. It is on the Cin- cinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton, the Cleve- land, Cincinnati, Chicago, and St. Louis, the Fort Wayne, Cincinnati, and Louis- ville, and the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chi- cago, and St. Louis railroads. It has important industries, which include the manufacture of furniture, woodworking machinery, carriages, lumber, etc. It has also an important trade in grain, cattle, sheep, and hogs. Pop. (1910) 4,925; (1920) 5,498. BUSK, JEBEMIAH M'LAIN, an American agriculturist; born in Morgan co., Ohio, June 17, 1830; removed to Wis- consin in 1853 and became a farmer. He entered the Union service during the Civil War, as major of a regiment he had raised, the 25th Wisconsin Volunteers; was promoted to lieutenant-colonel in 1863; was brevetted colonel and brigadier- general, 1865. From 1866 to 1870 he was bank-controller of Wisconsin, and repre- sented his State from 1871 to 1877 in Congress. In 1882 he was elected gover- nor of Wisconsin and served in that capacity till 1889. He was made secre- tary of the newly-created Department of Agriculture in 1889, and held this office till 1893. He died in Viroqua, Wis., Nov. 21, 1893. BUSKIN, JOHN, an English author; born in London, Feb. 8, 1819. He studied at Christ Church, Oxford; gained the Newdigate prize in 1839, and graduated in 1842. In 1867 he was appointed Rede lecturer at Cambridge, and in 1870-1872, 1876-1878, 1883-1885, he was Slade Pro- fessor of Fine Arts at Oxford, where in 1871 he gave $25,000 for the endowment of a university teacher of drawing. In "Modern Painters" he advocated a com- plete revolution in the received conven- tions of art and art criticism. Ruskin was the first art critic to place criticism upon a scientific basis. In 1851 he ap- peared as a defender of pre-Raphaelitism. About 1860 he began to write as a politi- cal economist and social reformer; his chief works in this sphere being "Unto this Last" (1862); "Munera Pulveris" (1872); and "Fors Clavigera" (1871- 1884), a periodical series of letters to the working men and laborers of Great Bri- tain. In this connection he founded in 1871, "The Guild of St. George"; founded a linen industry at Keswick, and revived, in Langdale, hand-loom weaving. His chief works, apart from pamphlets and contributions to periodicals, are : "Modern Painters" (1843-1860) ; "Seven Lamps of Architecture"; "Poems" (1850); "King of the Golden River" (1851), a fairy leg- end; "The Stones of Venice" (1851-1853) ; "Giotto and his Works at Padua" (1854) ; "Lectures on Architecture and Painting" (1854) ; "Notes on the Royal Academy" (1855-1859 and 1875) ; the letterpress ac- companying "Turner's Harbors of Eng- land" (1856); "Notes on the Turner Gallery at Marlborough House" (1857) ; "Catalogue of Turner's Sketches at the National Gallery" (1857); "Elements of Drawing" (1857); "Political Economy of Art" (1857), better known as "A Joy For- ever"; "Sesame and Lilies" (1865); "Ethics of the Dust" (1866) ; "Crown of Wild Olive" (1866) ; "Lectures on Art" (1870); "Aratra Pentelici" (1872); "Love's Meinie" (1873); "Val d'Arno" (1874) ; "Proserpina" (1875) ; "Deuca- lion" (1875); "Mornings in Florence" (1875) ; "Frondes Agrestes" (1875-1876) ; "Elements of English Prosody" (1880) ; "Fiction, Fair and Foul, in the 19th Cen- tury" (1880-1881); "Our Fathers Have Told Us" (1881) ; "Lectures on the Art of England" (1883); "On the Pleasures