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LEFT RUFIJI 141 RUGER feathers on the sides of its neck, and fre- quents forests and thickets. RUFIJI, or LUFIJI, a river of east- ern Africa which rises to the N. E. of Lake Nyassa, and enters the Indian Ocean opposite the island of Mafia. RUGBY, a town in Warwickshire, England; 83 miles N. W. of London and 30 E. S. E. of Birmingham. At the foot of the hill on which it stands the Swift gave John Wyclif's ashes to the Avon; close by, at Ashby and at Dunchurch, the Gunpowder Plot was hatched; the battle- field of Naseby was visited by Carlyle from its school house in 1842, a few days before Arnold's death ; it is within a drive of Stratford-on-Avon, Coventry, and Ken- ilworth. It is the center of a great hunt- ing district and the seat of a world- famous public school. The school was founded in 1567 by Lawrence Sheriff, a grocer and a staunch supporter of Queen Elizabeth, by a gift of property in Manchester Square, London. After maintaining its position for some time as a good school for the Warwickshire gen- try and a few others, specially under Dr. James and Dr. Wool, it became of na- tional reputation under Dr. Arnold, who in raising his school, raised at the same time the dignity of his whole profession. Since his time the school has never lacked able teachers, remarkable for indepen- dence of mind. When Arnold died in 1842, Archbishop Tait succeeded him, hav- ing as coadjutors Lord Lingen, Dean Bradley, Principal Shairp, Thomas Evans, Theodore Walrond, Bishop Cotton. He in turn was succeeded by Dean Goulburn, who had as one of his assistants the fu- ture Archbishop Benson. The Crimean War reduced the numbers of the school to 300, and Dr. Goulburn resigned in 1857. He was succeeded by the future Bishop of London, Dr. Temple, who re- mained 12 years. He made a brilliant record, and added fame to Rugby's repu- tation. Having collected enough money to rebuild the chapel, to erect a gymnasium and to build new schools, Dr. Temple was succeeded by Dr. Hayman. To him suc- ceeded Dr. Jex-Blake, who inaugurated a still greater building era. When he resigned in 1887 he left behind him a school unrivaled in its appointments. He was succeeded by Dr. Percival. Of illus- trious Rugbeians may be named the poets Landor, Clough, and Matthew Arnold; Dean Stanley, who had the rare privilege of recording the work of his great head- master in biography; Judge Hughes, who did the same equally felicitously in "Tom Brown's School Days"; Dean Vaughan, Lord Derby, Lord Cross, Mr. Goschen, Sir R. Temple, and York Powell the his- torians, Justice Bowen, Sir W. Palliser, J— 1 Professor Sidgwick, C. Stuart-Wortley, Arthur Acland, and many others famous in British affairs. Pop. about 25,000. RUGBY, a former town in Morgan co., Tenn.; about 114 miles N. of Chatta- nooga; on the Cumberland plateau; is in a rich mining and agricultural region. It owes its existence to a series of public lectures delivered in the United States by Thomas Hughes of England. It was settled by a company from England in 1880, who bought a large tract of land, and the settlement was made with im- pressive ceremonies. The town was laid out in building sites, farms, parks, etc.; several industries were introduced, but the scheme never realized the expecta- tions of its projectors; and the place is now only classed as a health resort. RUGE, ARNOLD, a German publicist; born in Bergen, Island of Riigen, Prus- sia, Sept. 13, 1802, or 1803. He embraced the doctrines of Hegel, and wrote philo- sophical criticisms in the Halle Year Book. He joined Karl Marx in Paris, and pub- lished with him the "German-French Year Books" (1843-1845). After the suppres- sion of the paper which he started in Ber- lin, called "Reform," he went to London and formed, in connection with Ledru- Rollin and Mazzini, the European Demo- cratic Committee. Among his works are : "Two Years in Paris" (1845) ; "Poetic Pictures" (1847) ; "Political Pictures" (1848); "Our System" (1850); "In For- mer Times" (1862-1867) ; and "Manifesto of the German People." He died in Brighton, England, Dec. 31, 1880. RUGEN (ru'gen), an island in the Baltic Sea, belonging to Prussia, near the coast of Pomerania; area, 377 square miles; exceedingly irregular in shape. The surface is fertile, undulating, and in many places covered with beautiful beech forests. The Stubbenkammer, a sheer chalk cliff (400 feet high) at the N. E. extremity, is frequently visited. The capital is Bergen. Many of the coast villages are popular sea-bathing resorts. From 1648 till 1815 Riigen belonged to Sweden. Pop. about 50,000. RUGER, THOMAS HOWARD, an American military officer; born in Lima, N. Y., April 2, 1833; was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1854; studied law and practiced in Janes- ville, Wis., in 1855-1861 ; became lieuten- ant-colonel of the 3d Wisconsin regiment in June, 1861; won distinction in numer- ous engagements during the Civil War; suppressed the draft riots in New York City in 1863; was brevetted Major-Gen- eral of volunteers, Nov. 30, 1864; pro- moted colonel, U. S. A., in 1867 ; brigadier- Cyc Vol 8