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LEFT OSCEOLA 55 house to that throne, therefore she turn- ed to Denmark. He died Dec. 8, 1907. OSCEOLA, a chief of the Seminole In- dians; born in Florida about 1818; was the son of an Indian trader called Pow- ell. In_ 1835, while on a visit to Fort King, his wife was claimed as a slave, as being the daughter of a fugitive slave woman, and carried off as such. Osceola resolved upon vengeance, and some months afterward, finding' General Thompson outside of the fort, killed him and six other whites in his company, Dec. 28, 1835. Such was the beginning of the second Seminole War, during which Osceola defeated the United States troops in several engagements. On Oct. 23, 1837, while holding a conference un- der a flag of truce with General Jessup, near St. Augustine, he was treacherous- ly seized and kept in confinement in Fort Moultrie till his death, in 1838. OSCILLATION, the vibration of recip- rocal ascent and descent of a pendulous body. The problem of oscillation, in its widest sense, _ includes most of those which occur in astronomy, optics, etc. To their average motions, the moon and planets add small oscillations about their mean places; the tides consists of oscilla- tions of the ocean, etc. In general lan- guage, however, the problem of oscilla- tion refers only to the purely theoretical part of the problem of the pendulum. O'SHAUGHNESSY, ARTHUR WIL- LIAM EDGAR, an English poet ; born in 1844. In 1864 he entered the British Museum. He was a follower of Morris and Swinburne and of the French ro- mantic school. He published between 1870 and 1881: "An Epic of Women"; "Lays of France," a free paraphrase of the lais of Marie de France; "Music and Moonlight"; and "Songs of a Worker." He died in 1881. O'SHAUGHNESSY, EDITH COUES (MRS. NELSON O'SHAUGHNESSY), an American writer, born in Columbia, S. C. She was educated privately and married Nelson O'Shaughnessy in 1901. She vrote "A Diplomat's Wife in Mexico" (1916) ; "Diplomatic Days in Mexico" (1917). During the war she was engaged in relief work in France. O'SHAUGHNESSY, NELSON, an American diplomat, born in New York in 1876. Graduated Georgetown Col- lege in 1892, and afterward studied at Oxford University. After making a study of international law and foreign languages in Europe, he returned to the United States. He was appointed secre- tary of the legation of Copenhagen in OSIER 1904, and served in this position and many other legations in Eui'ope and America. In 1913 he was Charge de Affaires in Mexico, continuing during the period of General Huerta's rule in that country. In 1914 he was appointed special diplomatic agent at Vienna and was first secretary of the Embassy of Rio de Janeiro, in 1915. In the follow- ing year he retired from diplomatic ser- vice. He took an active part in war work in France during the World War. O'SHEA, MICHAEL VINCENT, an American educator and author. He was born at Le Roy, N. Y., in 1866, studied at Cornell, where he graduated in 1892, immediately entering the State Normal School at Mankato, Minn., as instructor. Later he taught at Buffalo Teachers' College and the University of Wisconsin, at the same time editing journals con- nected with education, and presiding over the Society of College Teachers. His works include: "Aspects of Mental Economy"; "Education as Adjustment"; "Method and Management in Teaching"; "Dynamic Factors in Education"; "So- cial Development and Education"; and "Health and Cleanliness." OSHIMA, a designation given to about 20 different localities in Japan. The most important of this name is an island about 100 miles long, reaching toward the Bonin Islands. It has a pop- ulation of about 5,000. The chief indus- try is fishing. The name is also given to another island of the Luchu archipel- ago. This ^ is about 34 miles long and 17 miles wide. OSHKOSH, a city and county-seat of Winnebago co., Wis., on both sides of the Fox river, and on the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie, the Chi- cago and Northwestern, and the Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul railroads. Here are the court house, city hall, United States government building, pub- lic library, high school. School of the Deaf and Dumb, State Normal School, County Hospital for the Incurable In- sane, the Northern State Hospital for the Insane, street railroad and electric light plant, waterworks. National and state banks, parks, and several daily and weekly newspapers. It has a large lumbering industry, manufactories of carriages and wagons, machinery, tobac- co and flour, and meat packing plants. Pop. (1910) 33,062; (1920) 33,162. OSIER, in botany, salix viminalis, a willow with linear lanceolate acuminate leaves, reticulate above and silky be- neath; golden yellow, sessile catkins open- ing before the leaves, etc., and tomentose