Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 07.djvu/56

LEFT OBANGE 34 OK^INGE mal is placed in an erect position. The hair is long, ruddy-brown, with a decid- edly red tinge, face dark, eyes and nose small, jaws prognathous, the hair fall- ing over the forehead and backward over the neck; it is long on the limbs, with a downward direction on the upper, and an upward on the lower arm. There are neither cheek pouches nor natesal callosi- ties, nor a tail, and the hips are covered with hair. The males have a longish beard, and they sometimes develop warty protuberances on each side of the face. The resemblance to man in appearance is greatest in the females and in young animals. The head of a baby orang is not very different from that of an aver- age child; but in the adult the muzzle is as^ well-marked a feature as in the Carnivora. The orang is arboreal, and forms a sort of nest or shelter among the trees. It never walks erect, unless when using its hands to support itself by branches overhead, or when attacked. ORANGE, properly Citrus aurantium, the sweet orange. The leaves are ovate, oblong, acute, slightly serrulated; petiole more or less winged; the pulp is sweet. It is a native of India, and by some bot- anists is believed to be only a variety of the citron (C. medica). It was intro- ORANGE duced into the S. of Europe about the 12th century, having been brought into Arabia about three centuries earlier. It lives about 600 years. Among the many varieties are the China orange, which is the common orange of the markets; the blood, or Malta orange; the St. Michael's orange; the noble, or mandarin orange; the navel, or seedless, etc. The orange contains malic acid; the rind is bitter and aromatic; the fruit itself is said to be disinfectant. Orange poultice has been recommended in India in skin dis- eases. There are various allied species, specially the bitter, or Seville orange, C. bigaradia, largely imported for the man- ufacture of candied orange peel, etc. It, too, has run into several varieties. In Florida and Southern California vast orange plantation^ are providing im- mense crops of many varieties of the orange. In 1918-1919 California shipped over 49,063 carloads of citrus fruits, worth more than $100,000,000. _ ORANGE, or GARIEP, the largest river of South Africa, rises in the Kath- lamba Mountains, in the E. of Basuto- land, and flows W., with an inclination to the N., to the Atlantic ocean. It de- scribes numerous wide curves in its course of 1,000 miles, and separates Cape Colony, on the S., from the Orange Free State, Griqualand West, Bechuanaland, and Great Namaqualand, on the N. Area of basin, 325,000 square miles. Its principal tributaries are the Caledon and the Vaal, both joining it from the right. Its volume varies greatly between the dry season, when it is not navigable, and the rainy season, when it overflows its banks in the upper part of its course. Its mouth is, moreover, obstructed by a bar. ORANGE, anciently Arausio, a city and commune of France, 18 miles N. of Avignon, on left bank of the Aigue, tributary of the Rhone. There are two great monuments of the Roman period, a triumphal arch (72 feet high), the finest in France, and the ruins of a theater, 340 feet long; the only modern building of interest is the cathedral. For five cen- turies (till 1531) Orange was an inde- pendent principality ruled by its own sovereigns, the estates and title passing to the Count of Nassau, and thus to Will- iam III., afterward King of Great Brit- ain. In 1713 Orange was for certain equivalents conceded to France by the King of Prussia, though the title of prince has descended by the younger Nassau line to the kings and stadtholders of Holland. The district is very pro- ductive; manufactures silks, woolens, and fruits. ORANGE, a town of Connecticut, in New Haven co. It is on the New York, New Haven, and Hartford railroad. It is chiefly a farming community, but its industries include the manufacture of automobiles, ribbons, and buckles. Pop.,