Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 07.djvu/535

LEFT REAUMUR 449 RECAMIER goddess, was drawn on a splendid car to the cathedral of Notie Dame to re- ceive homage from the multitude. For some time afterward that cathedral was designated the Temple of Reason. REAUMUR, RENE ANTOINE FER- CHAULT DE, a French physicist and naturalist; born in La Rochelle, France, Feb. 28, 1683. He went to Paris in 1703; in 1708 was chosen a member of the Academy of Sciences; and for nearly 50 years continued to be one of its most active members. As a natural philos- opher he is celebrated for the invention of an improved thermometer, which he made known in 1873, but his greatest work is "Natural History of Insects" (6 vols.). He died in Maine, France, Oct. 18, 1757. REAUMURIACE.ffi, in botany, reau- muriads; an order of hypogynous exo- gens, alliance Guttiferales ; small shrubs, with fleshy scale-like exstipulate leaves, covered with resinous sunk glands. From the coasts of the Mediterranean and the salt plains of temperate Asia. Known genera three, species four. REAUMUR'S SCALE, a scale for a thermometer, in which the two fixed points being as in the Centigrade, the division is into 80 instead of 100 parts. It is still occasionally used. REBEC, or REBECK, the English name of a three-stringed musical instru- ment played with a bow. It was of Arabian or Turkish origin, and in its earliest form it probably had a long neck and small round body, made of cocoanut shell, or some such material, over which parchment was stretched to form the sound board. After its introduction into Europe, the third string was added. The rebec gradually assumed the form of a viol, of which it was the precursor. REBEKAH, DAUGHTERS OF, a de- gree in the ritual of Odd Fellowship, to which women are admitted. REBELLION, the taking up of arms, whether by natural subjects or others, residing in the country, against a settled government. By international law re- bellion is considered a crime, and all persons voluntarily abetting it are crim- inals, whether subjects or foreigners. When a rebellion has attained such di- mensions and organization as to make of the rebel party a state de facto, and its acts reach the dimensions of war de facto, it is now the custom of the state to yield to the rebels such belligerent privileges as policy and humanity re- quire, and to treat captives as prisoners of war, etc. REBUS ("by things"), a word, name, or phrase represented by the figure of an object which resembles in sound the words, or syllables of the words, indi- cated; an enigmatical representation of words by the use of figures or pictures; thus, a "bolt" and a "tun" represent "Bolton." In heraldry, a device intended to represent a proper name by a picture; a bearing or bearings on a coat of arms, containing an allusion to the name of the owner; as in the coat of the family of Arches, which consists of three arches. RECALL, a method of compelling an elective official to resign or submit him- self to a new election before his reg- ular term of office expires. It was first adopted in Los Angeles, Cal., in 1904. Under its provisions a certain percentage of the voters who are dis- satisfied with the official circulate a peti- tion for his recall. The percentage of the electorate who must sign the petition in order to make it effective varies in different States, the usual percentage being 25 per cent., as the law is in Oregon. When the required proportion has signed the official must either resign or submit to a new election. It has been adopted by more than two hundred cities and by thirteen States, viz.: Ore., Cal., Wash., Nev., Mich., Ariz., Colo., Idaho, Kans., La., Wyo., N. D., Wis. When Arizona applied for admission to the Union, President Taft refu?ed to sign the bill admitting her to statehood until the recall of judges was eliminated from the State Constitution. Roosevelt advocated in the primary campaign of 1912 the recall of judicial decisions by which the decision of the courts on ques- tions involving the powers of the Legis- lature under the Constitution should be subject to a popular referendum. The scheme was never adopted by any State and soon became a dead issue politically. The recall of judges likewise has not been generally adopted and American public opinion has rather tended to agree with President Taft that the prac- tice is not in consonance with American institutions. RECAMIER. MADAME (JEANNE FRANgOISE JULIE ADELAIDE BER- NARD), a famous Frenchwoman; born in Lyons, France, Dec. 4, 1777. At 15 she was married to M. Jacques Recamier, a rich banker about thrice her own age. Her salon was soon filled with the bright- est wits of the literary and political circles of the day. For Madame de Stael she had a warm affection that survived the exile required by the jealousy of Napoleon. Soon after this her husband was completely ruined, and Madame Recamier visit-ed Madame de Stael at