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LEFT BAIN TBEE 420 BAKE 1876; made missionary tours in the United States and Canada; was assist- ant rector of St. James Cathedral, in Toronto, in 1878-1882; and became rec- tor of St. George's Church, New York City, in 1883. His publications include "Sermons Preached in St. George's" and "The Church's Opportunity in the City of Today"; "Preacher's Story of his Work" (1901); "The Reasonableness of the Religion of Jesus" (1908). He did much to supply wholesome recreation for the young of both sexes in the vicinity of his church, who were without the means to secure it for themselves. RAIN TREE (PithecolobiuTn saman) , a leguminous tree of tropical America, now largely planted in India for the shade it furnishes, and because it flour- ishes in barren salt-impregnated soils, as well as for its sweet pulpy pods, which are greedily eaten by cattle. Another species, P. dulce, has also been intro- duced into India, its pods also being edible. RAINY LAKE, a sheet of water form- ing a portion of the boundary line be- tween Ontario and the United States, W., and 100 miles distant from the near- est point of Lake Superior, and about 50 miles long. It discharges by Rainy river into Lake of the Woods. RAISIN RIVER, a stream rising in Hillsdale co., Mich., and falling into Lake Erie, 2% miles below Monroe, after a circuitous course of about 130 miles. RAISINS, grapes dried in the sun. In the case of the best grapes the proc- ess is effected by cutting half through the fruit stalk without detaching it from the tree, or by gatberini? the grapes when fully ripe and dipping them in a lye made of the ashes of the burned ten- drils, after which they are exposed to the sun, or they may be simply laid out to be desiccated. Inferior qualities are dried in an oven. Raisins are exten- sively produced in California. They are slightly refrigerant. In Europe and the United States they are used solely to sweeten preparations, in India they are given as medicine. They are an ingre- dient of compound tincture of carda- moms and tincture of senna. RAJAH, or more correctly Raja, originally, a title which belonged to princes of Hindu race who, either as in- dependent sovereigns or as feudatories, governed a territory. Now, however, the title is used of independent sover- eigns, of subiect or "protected" princes, of T)etty chiefs, of great landowners, and of^ .^ome persons of eminence who are neither rulers nor landowners. RAJAMAHENDRI (formerly often spelt Rajahmundry), a town of India, in the presidency of Madras; on the left bank of the Godavari, 30 miles from its mouth. It has a museum, a provincial school, two jails, and some Christian churches. From 1753 to 1758 it was held by the French. RAJMAHAL, a decayed town of In- dia; on a steep eminence on the right bank of the Ganges; 170 miles N. N. W. of Calcutta. It was long the chief town of the Bengal and Bahar provinces, but is now deserted and ruinous, being only noteworthy for the remains of its pal- aces, formerly belonging to Shah Shuja and Kasim Ali, and as a station in an im- portant transit trade. The population consists largely of hillmen or "Paha- rias." Pop. (1920) about 75,000. ^ RAJPUTANA, an administrative ter- ritory of India. It lies between Sind on the W., the Punjab on the N., the North- western provinces on the E., and several native states of central India on the S. Its total area is 132,461 square miles, and its total pop. about 11,000,000. The most important of the native states is Jaipur, pop. 137,000. It gets its name from the ruling race of predominant Aryan tribes, called Rajputs. They are a proud aristocracy, own the soil, and have furnished ruling dynasties to very many of the native states in India. At the time of the Mohammedan invasions in the 11th century the Rajputs ruled over half a dozen strong states — Kanauj, Ajmere, Anhilwara, Udaipur, and Jaipur. From the end of the 16th to the middle of the 18th century these states acknowledged the supremacy of the Mogul Emperor of Delhi. Then they were made to recogniize the Mahrattas as their masters; since the Mahrattas were crushed by the British the Rajput states are independent allies. RAKE, an implement having a head provided with teeth and a long handle projecting from the head in a direction transverse to that of the teeth and nearly perpendicular to the head. Spe- cific names indicate purposes or con- struction, as hay, stubble, barley, man- ure, horse, tilting, drag, etc. Hand rakes are of wood for hay or grain, and of metal for garden use. Horse rakes are of several kinds, some with, others without, wheels. In some the teeth are independent, so as to yield to obstacles without affecting the operation of other teeth. Also a small instrument, some- what resembling a hoe, having a turned- down blade set at right angles to the handle, used by the croupier to collect the stakes on a gambling table.