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LEFT PURPLE BLACK 385 PUTNAM PURPLE BLACK, a preparation of madder, of a deep purple hue, appi-oach- ing to black; its tints, with white-lead, are of a purple color. PURPLE HERON, in ornithology, the Adrea purpurea, about the same size as the common heron. PURPURA, in zoology, a genus of Buccinidse; British species, abounds on the coast at low water, and is very de- structive to mussel beds. Also, a pecul- iar unhealthy condition of the blood and tissues, evinced by purple spots, chiefly on the legs, due to unhealthy surround- ings, want of proper food, intemperance, and other depressing causes. PURSER, on shipboard, the officer whose duty is to keep the accounts of the ship to which he is attached. In mining, the paymaster or cashier of a mine, and the official to whom notices of transfer are sent for registration in the cost-book. PURSLANE, a plant of the genus Portulaca (P. oleracea), with fleshy suc- culent leaves, naturalized throughout the warmer parts of the world. PURSUIVANT, in heraldry, an at- tendant on the heralds; one of the third and lowest order of heraldic officers. There are four pursuivants attached to the English College of Arms, styled Rouge Croix, Blue Mantle, Rouge Dragon, and Portcullis. PURU, or PURUS, a river of South America, which rising in the E. of Peru enters Brazil, and flowing N. E. after a course of 400 miles joins the Amazon about 100 miles above the confluence of the Madeira with the latter. PURVEYANCE, formerly in England the exercise by officials called purveyors of the royal prerogative, involving a right of pre-emption, by which the king was authorized to buy pro sions and necessaries for the use of his household at an appraised value, in preference to all his subjects. PUS, in physiology and pathology, the product of suppuration, a thick, viscid, yellow fluid. PUSEY, EDWARD BOUVERIE, an English theological writer, a leader of the Anglo-Catholic (Tractarian) party in the Established Church; born near Oxford in 1800. He was associated with Newman and others in the "British Critic," "Tracts for the Times," etc., and his conspicuousness from his social position (nephew of one earl and grand- son of another, professor and canon of Christ Church), wealth and munificent charities, caused the Oxford Movement to be known as "Puseyism." He pub- lished: "The Holy Eucharist a Comfort to the Penitent" (1843), a sermon which resulted in his suspension for three years; two sermons on "The Entire Ab- solution of the Penitent" (1846), equally revolutionary. Of his larger works the most important are: "The Doctrine of the Real Presence" (1855); "The Real Presence of the Body and Blood of Christ the Doctrine of the English Church" (1857) ; "An Eirenicon." He died Sept. 16, 1882. PUSHKIN, ALEXANDER. See POUSHKIN. PUSHTU, or PUKHTU, the language of the Afghans proper (see Afghanis- tan). PUSTULE, a pimple, a little blister. Also a vesicle containing pus. PUTCHOCK, or PUTCHUK, the roots of Aplotaxus lappa {Saussurea Lappa, Calc, Exhib. Rep.). It is a tall com- posite plant, with purple florets, growing on the mountains of Cashmere. The root is collected in enormous quantities, and exported to China, to be used as in- cense. It is given in India in cough, asthma, fever, cholera, dyspepsia, etc. Its dried powder is the principal ingredi- ent in an ointment for ulcers; it is also a hair wash. PUTEAUX, a town 2 miles from the W. boundary of Paris, on the left bank of the Seine, opposite to the Bois de Bou- logne. Many Parisians have fine villas here. There are manufactures of dye- stuffs and chemicals, dyeing, and calico printing. Pop. about 35,000. PUTNAM, a city of Connecticut, one of the county-seats of Windham co. It is on the Quinebaug river, and on the New York, New Haven, and Hartford railroad. It is the center of an impor- tant agricultural region and its indus- tries include iron works and the manu- facture of cotton and woolen goods, silks, trunks, boots and shoes, etc. The city contains a public library and a hospital. Pop. (1910) 7,280; (1920) 7,711. PUTNAM, FREDERICK WARD, an American scientist; born in Salem, Mass., April 16, 1839; was graduated at Harvard University in 1862; became curator of ornithology at the Essex In- stitute in Salem in 1856, superintendent of the East Indian Marine Society's Museum there in 1867, and chief of the Department of Ethnology at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. He edited many volumes of the "Annual Reports of the Trustees of the Peabody Museum of Archeology and Ethnologv," and "Proceedings of the Es- sex Institute." President American