Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 07.djvu/404

LEFT POTOMAC, SOCIETY OF 328 POTTER by Gen. George B. McClellan in 1861, and served under him in the Peninsular campaign and later in that of Antietam. General Burnside took command in 1862, and General Hooker in 1863. General Meade was in command when the victory at Gettysburg was won, in July, 1863, and continued in charge during General Grant's operations in 1864-1865. POTOMAC, SOCIETY OF THE ARMY OF THE, a military organization founded in New York, July 5, 1869, and has held annual reunions since that date. All officers and soldiers who served in the Army of the Potomac and in the 10th and 18th Army Corps, Army_ of the James, are eligible to membership. The officers are a president, one vice-presi- dent from each army corps, and from the general staff; a treasurer, recording secretary, and corresponding secretary. POTOSI, a city and capital of a de- J)artment of same name; pop. abt. 30,000 (dept. 45,031 sq. m.; pop. abt. 550,000); one of the most famous mining towns of Bolivia. It is built on the side of the Cerro de Potosi (15,381 feet), at an elevation of 13,000 feet above the sea, and is thus one of the loftiest inhabited places on the globe. The public build- ings include a handsome cathedral and a mint. The streets are steep and nar- row, and there are no wagons or car- riages, but only llamas and mules. The climate is very trying; all the four sea- sons may be experienced in one day, but usually it is bitterly cold, owing to the elevation. England and French manu- factures are imported; and, as the coun- try in the vicinity produces little or nothing, all supplies have to be brought from a distance. The industry of the place is limited to silver mining. The Na- tional Bank of Bolivia is situated here. POT POURRI, a dish of various kinds of meat and vegetables cooked together. Also: 1. A mixture of rose leaves and various spices, kept in jars or other ves- sels as a scent. 2. A vase or bouquet of flowers used to perfume a room. 3. In music, a medley; a collection of various tunes linked together; a capriccio or fantasia on popular melodies. 4. A liter- rary composition made up of several parts put together without any unity of plot or plan. POTSDAM, the chief town of the Prus- sian province of Brandenburg, and until the establishment of the republic the second residence town of the royal family of Prussia; on an island in the lake- like river Havel, 18 miles S. W. of Berlin. It is a handsome city, -v^ith broad streets, public gardens, adorned with statues of Prussian soldiers, and fine squares; a royal palace (1667-1701), in the park of which are statues of Frederick- William I., Alexander I. of Russia, etc. The garri- son church, with a steeple 290 feet high, contains the tombs of Frederick-William I. and Frederick II.; and the Friedens- kirche the tombs of Frederick-William IV. and the Emperor Frederick III. The Brandenburg Gate is a copy of Trajan's Arch at Rome. In the immediate neigh- borhood of the town are more than half a dozen royal palaces, as Sans-Souci (1745-1747), the favorite residence of Frederick the Great, surrounded by a splendid park and gardens; the palace of Friedrichskron, formerly the New Pal- ace (1763-1770) ; Charlottenhof, built by Frederick-William IV. in 1826; the Marble Palace, the summer residence of the former Emperor William II.; and Babelsberg, the private property of the same prince. Potsdam has an observa- tory, and a cadet and other military schools. Its manufactories produce sugar, chemicals, harness, silk, waxcloth, beei', etc. Alexander von Humboldt was a native. Potsdam owes its creation as a town to the Great Elector, Frederick William, and to Frederick II. Prior to that period it was a fishing village, on the site of an ancient Slav settlement.. Pop. about 65,000. POTSDAM SANDSTONE, an Amer- ican sandstone of Cambrian age, contain* ing trilobites, Lingula antiqua, etc. POT STONE, the name given in Nor- folk, England, to certain large flints with a nucleus of chalk, found in the Upper Chalk. Also, an impure variety of soap- stone or compact talc, formerly used for making utensils of various kinds. POTTAWATTAMIES, a tribe of American Indians, belonging to the Algonquian stock. The early French settlers established a mission among them at Green Bay, and to this day many of them are Roman Catholics. They sided with the English during the Revolu- tionary War and in the War of 1812, and afterward settled in Kansas. They now number about 1,200. POTTER, HENRY CODMAN, an American clergyman; born in Schenec- tady, N. Y., May 25, 1835. Educated in theology in Virginia, he became rector of Grace Church, New York City, in 1868; and was consecrated Protestant Episco- pal bishop of New York in 1887. His works include: "Gates of the East: A Winter in Egypt and Syria" (1876); "Sermons of the City" (1881) ; etc. He died July 21, 1908. POTTER, PAUL, a Dutch painter; bom in Enkhuisen, Netherlands, Nov.