Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 07.djvu/139

LEFT PAMLICO 97 PAN Their trade through the pamirs is quite large and constantly growing. PAMLICO, a tribe of Indians living on the Pamlico river, in Beaufort co., N. C. They were greatly reduced in numbers by the smallpox in 1696, and by the Tuscarora War of 1711. Those left were absorbed in the Tuscarora tribe. PAMLICO SOUND, a shallow lagoon of the United States, on the S. E. coast of North Carolina. It is 80 miles long, from 8 to 30 miles wide, and separated from the ocean by long, narrow, sandy islands. PAMPAS, properly treeless pasture land covered with grass, but used more comprehensively for the whole table-land of South America, from the boundary of Brazil, where the regular seasons of the tropics cease, across the states of La Plata and Patagonia nearly to Cape Horn. It may be divided into three bo- tanical zones: the Interior Northwestern Chanar-steppe, the True Pampas, and the Southern Plains of Patagonia. PAMPAS GRASS (Gynerium argen- teum), a grass which grows in the pam- pas in the S. parts of South America. It has been introduced into Europe as an ornamental plant. PAMPEAN FORMATION, a forma- tion deposited and upheaved since the present Atlantic mollusca have been brought into existence. PAMPELUNA, or PAMPLONA, a fortified city of Spain; on a tributary of the Ebro; 111 miles N. W. of Saragossa. It has a citadel (a copy of that of Ant- werp), a Gothic cathedral (1397), a vice- regal palace, a fine aqueduct, a natural history collection, a college of surgery, and a bull ring, manufactures of pottery, leather, cloth, hardware, etc., and a trade in wine. It was called by the ancients Pompeiopolis, because built by Pompey in 68 B. c. It was taken by the Goths in 466, by the Franks in 542, and by Char- lemagne in 778. From 907 it was the capital of Navarre. It was during the siege by the French in 1521 that Loyola received his wound. The town was seized by the French in 1808, and held by them till 1813, when it was captured by Wellington. It again capitulated to the French in 1823. In the Carlist wars it was held by Queen Christina's adher- ents from 1836 to 1840, and in 1873-1876 it was vainly attacked several times by the Carlists. Pop. (1917) 30,779. PAMPHYLIA, anciently a country on the S. coast of Asia Minor, with Cilicia on the E. and Lycia on the W. It was origfinally bounded on the inland or N. side by Mount Taurus, but afterward enlarged, so as to reach the confines of Phrygia. Pamphylia is mountainous, was formerly well wooded, and had numerous maritime cities. The inhabit- ants were a mixed race of aborigines, Cilicians, and Greek colonists. PAMUNKEY, a small river in Vir- ginia formed by the union of the North and South Anna. It unites with the Mattapony at West Point to form the York river. In conjunction with the South Anna it is over 100 miles in length. PAN PAN, in Greek mythology, the god of shepherds, of huntsmen, and of all rural inhabitants. He was the son of Mer- cury, and was a monster in appearance, having two small horns in his head, a ruddy complexion, a flat nose; and his