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LEFT FAISH 83 PALACIO VALDES Painting appears to have had its origin among all nations as a species of writ- ing. Considered as an art, it may be said to consist of two chief parts — out- line and design. Outline is a design without color, and examples of it may be seen in the cartoons of Raphael, Retzsch, Flaxman, and others. Design, properly so called, includes outline, rep- resenting the contour of objects, together with color, which gives to the image not only the hue, but also the form and relief proper to the object. The techni- cal processes of painting are oil paint- ing, water color painting, encaustic painting, miniature painting, fresco painting, enamel painting, etc. There are at least 10 branches of the art, viz., history, grotesques, portraits, fancy, ani- mals, flowers and fruits, seascape, land- scape, still life, and battle pieces. PAISH, SIR GEORGE, British financier. He was born in 1867 and be- came attached to the staff of the "Stat- ist," the chief London economic journal, before he was twenty, becoming subeditor in 1888, assistant editor in 1894, and as- sociate editor in 1900. He became rec- ognized throughout England as an authority on economics and was made governor of the London School of Eco- nomics. During the World War he made frequent visits to the United States to negotiate loans, and raised a commo- tion in 1919 by suggesting the issue of several billions to rehabilitate Europe. His books include: "Savings and Social Welfare"; and "Railroads of the United States." _ PAISIELLO, GIOVANNI, an Italian singer and musician; born in 1741. Hav- ing early shown musical ability, he was well trained; and in 1763 his first opera ("The Pupil") was performed with great applause at Bologna. From this period commenced a long career of suc- cess, at Modena, Parma, Venice, Rome, Milan, Naples, and Florence. By the year 1776 he had composed nearly 50 operas, partly serious and partly comic, the chief of which are: "Demetrius"; " Artaxerxes"; "The Ridiculous Vir- tuosos"; "The Chinese Idol"; "The Mar- quis of Tulipano"; etc. In that year he entered the service of Catharine II. of Russia. Here during eight years' resi- dence he composed his best productions, "The Maid Mistress," and "The Barber of Seville." He then visited Vienna, where he composed "King Theodore," another of his best operas, and 12 sym- phonies for the Emperor Joseph II. He died in 1816. PAISLEY, a municipal and parlia- mentary burgh of Scotland, in Renfrew- shire, on the White Cart, about 3 miles above the confluence of the united White and Black Cart with the Clyde, and 7 miles W. S. W. of Glasgow. It consists of an old town on the W. or left, and a new town on the E. or right bank of the river, communicating by three hand- some bridges. The most noteworthy building is the Abbey Church, now a par- ish church, belonging to a monastery (of which little else now remains) founded in 1163 by Walter, son of Alan, the first of the house of the Stewarts. In 1889 a monument was erected by Queen Vic- toria in memory of her ancestors buried here. In St. Mirren's Chapel or the Sounding Aisle, on the S. side, stands a tomb supposed to have been built in honor of Bruce's daughter Marjory. Paisley has been long noted for its manufactures, especially of textile goods. The shawl manufacture, intro- duced about the beginning of the 19th century, and long a flourishing industry, is not now a staple, but the textile manu- facture is still large, and to it has been added that of sewing cotton, for which Paisley is celebrated all over the world. Among the other manufactures are tap- estry, embroidery, tartans, and carpets. There are also dye and print works, engineering works, soap works, manufac- tories of starch, corn flour, mustard, and chemicals; distilleries, breweries, and shipbuilding yards, chiefly for river steamers and dredgers. Wilson, the ornithologist; the poet Tannahill, and Professor Wilson (Christopher North) were natives of Paisley, which possesses a bronze statue of the ornithologist and of the poet. Paisley is a town of an- cient origin, having been at one time a Roman station under the name of Van- duara. Pop. estimated (1918) 89,425. PAKHOI, a seaport of China; opened to foreign trade in 1876; on the N. shore of the Gulf of Tonkin. The harbor is shallow. Trade does not flourish. The imports — cottons, woolens, opium, rice — average $4,048,500 per annum; the ex- ports — tin, sugar, indigo, aniseed, hides, groundnut oil — $1,148,500. Pop. over 20,000. PALACIO VALDES, ARMANDO. A Spanish novelist. He was born in 1853, at Entralgo, Asturias, and studied law at Madrid. He there became editor of "La Revista Europea," and while so en- gaged began to write fiction. His first success came with "El Seiiorito Octavio" in 1881, but this was excelled by "Marrta y Maria" which immediately won pop- ular favor. His other works include: "Aguas Fuertes"; "Jose"; "El cuatro poder"; "La Hermana San Sulpicio";