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LEFT PAGODA 81 PAINE a pageant of the various nationalities of America who exhibited their national costumes and sang historic songs. Tableaux of various kinds, in which large numbers of children take part, have become increasing features of cen- tennial and similar celebrations. The Hudson-Fulton celebration of 1909, the 'Lake lErie celebration of 1913, and the Star-Spangled Banner celebration of 1914, had also numerous dramatic fea- tures, and were conducted on a scale un- known in Europe. The course of the World War, particularly after the United States had entered into it, led to numerous celebrations intended to excite the warlike ardor of the people. In 1920 the events connected with the can- onization of St. Jeanne d'Arc gave oc- casion to pageants in New York and elsewhere reproducing episodes in the career of the girl-warrior and expressive of sympathy with France as chief suf- ferer in the World War. PAGODA, the temple of an idol in In- dia. They belong both to antiquity and modern times. Some are wonderfully large and magnificent. They consist of one or more quadrangular courts with towers at the corners, surrounded by a wall. Large pyramids rising in stages cover the entrance, behind which extend colonnades. Inside the courts are lustral pools, colonnades, and large halls, called Tschultris, which are used to lodge pil- grims in. Small side temples appear with cupolas surmounting the accessory buildings. Behind the first court _ is often a second and a third, in which, finally, the chief temple stands. The most celebrated is that of Juggernaut, in the island of Ramisseram, completed toward the end of the 12th century. Also a coin of gold or silver, current in Hindustan, and varying in value in different localities from $2 to $2.25. Its value, when made of gold, by weight is equivalent to about $1.80 of American standard gold coinage. PAGO PAGO, a harbor in the island of Tutuila, Samoa. It is a long L-shaped expanse of water, extending mostly in an E. and W. direction, and surrounded by tall, almost precipitous cliffs, that run up into peaks from 2,000 to 3,000 feet high. The harbor was ceded to the United States for a naval and coaling station, first in 1872, and afterward confirmed by a treaty signed in Washington, Jan. 17, 1878, and ratifications exchanged on Feb. 13 of the same year, by which the United States was given the right to establish at that harbor a station for coaling, naval supplies, freedom of trade, commercial treatment, etc. This harbor was occupied by the United States in 1898. Tutuila, the island on whose coast this harbor is located, has a population of ^ about 6,000, area 77 square miles, while Upolu has an area of 340 square miles, and Savaii 659 square miles. The German and British governments withdrew their claims to this island in favor of the United States. PAGUMA, a group of mammals, genus Paradoxurus, family Viverridss (civets and genets), inhabiting eastern Asia. The peculiar masked paguma {P. larvatus) has a white streak down the forehead and nose, and a white circle round the eyes, which give it the appear- ance of wearing an artificial mask. PAHANG, a state on the E. coast of the Malay Peninsula; area, 14,000 square miles, pop; about 85,000. By the treaty concluded between Great Britain and the Sultan of Pahang in 1888 the control of the foreign relations of that state was conveyed to the government of the Straits Settlements; and Pahang is now practically a dependency of that colony. In 1895 it was united with the Malay Federation. Capital, Kuala Lipis. PAHLANPUR, or PALANPUR, a town of India, capital of a native state of the same name; 83 miles N. of Ahma- dabad in Bombay presidency. Pop. about 20,000. The Pahlanpur agency comprises Pahlanpur and 12 other states in the N. of Bombay, with an area of 8,000 square miles, and pop. about 235,000. PAIN, an uneasy sensation of body, resulting from particular impressions made on the extremities of the nerves transmitted to the brain. It is often of great service in aiding the physician at arriving at a correct diagnosis of a dis- ease, and still more obviously in fre- quently being the only intimation which a patient has of the fact of there being a disease which demands a remedy. PAINE, ALBERT BIGELOW* An American author. Bom at New Bed- ford, Mass., in 1861. He became in 1899 the editor of a department in the "St. Nicholas Magazine," a position which he held for ten years. He is the author of numerous works, but perhaps is best known by his "Biography of Mark Twain," published in 1912. Later he wrote "The Boy's Life of Mark Twain" (1916) and "Mark Twain's Letters" (1917). He was a life-long friend of Twain, who appointed Paine his literary executor. The more important of his other works are "The Autobiography of