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LEFT MacGAHAN 59 MacGAHAN, JANX7ARIUS ALOY- SIITS, an American war correspondent; born near New Lexington, 0., June 12, 1844. He was war correspondent of the New York "Herald" during the Franco- Prussian War (1870-1871) ; accompanied the Russian expedition against Khiva in 1873, and the Arctic expedition on the "Pandora" in 1875. He wrote: "Cam- paigning on the Oxus, and the Fall of Khiva" (1874); "Under the Northern Lights" (1876); "Turkish Atrocities in Bulgaria" (1876). which appeared orig- inally during the same year as a famous series of war letters in the London "Daily News." He is regarded by the Bulga- rians as the author of their independence. He died in Constantinople, June 9, 1878. McGIFFERT, ARTHUR CUSHMAN, an American theologian; born in Sau- quoit, N. Y., March 4, 1861; was gradu- ated at Western Reserve College in 1882 and at the Union Theological Seminary in 1885; studied abroad till 1888; was instructor in Church history at Lane Theological Seminary in 1888-1890; pro- fessor of that branch in 1890-1893 ; then accepted the chair of Church history at the Union Theological Seminary. Charges of heresy having been preferred against him, on which, however, he was never brought to trial, though he had posi- tively refused to change his views, he withdrew from the Presbyterian Church in March, 1900. He was the author of "Dialogue Between a Christian and a Jew" (1888) ; "A History of Christianity in the Apostolic Age" (1897); "Martin Luther, the Man and His Work" (1911) ; "The Rise of Modern Religious Ideas" (1915). McGILL, JAMES, a Canadian philan- thropist; born in Glasgow, Scotland, Oct. 6, 1744. He emigrated to Canada before the American Revolution, engaged for some time in the Northwest fur trade, and subsequently settling in Montreal, became a successful merchant there. He was for many years a member of the Lower Canada Assembly, and subse- quently a member of the legislative and executive councils. He was noted for philanthropy. He bequeathed to the col- lege of Montreal that bears his name property valued even at that time at $120,000. He died in Montreal, Canada, Dec. 19, 1813. ^ McGILL UNIVERSITY, an educa- tional institution in Montreal, Canada, founded with an endowment of land and money by James McGill in 1821. In the university year 1919-20 there were 1,300 students enrolled and 205 members of the faculty. The endowment amounted to $12,033,120; the income to $1,158,348, McHENRY, rORT and the value of buildings and equip- ment to about $9,200,000. The library contained 206,000 volumes. MACGILLYCUDDY REEKS, a group of rugged mountains in Ireland, in Coun- ty Kerry, rising from the W. shores of the Lakes of Killarney, and covering an area of 28 square miles. Carran-Tual, the loftiest peak, not only of the Reeks, but in all Ireland, is 3,414 feet in height. Caper, the next in altitude, reaches 3,200 feet, and there are several others which exceed 2,500 feet. McGLYNN, EDWARD, an American Roman Catholic clergyman; born in New York City, Sept. 27, 1837. For 28 years he was pastor of St. Stephen's Church in New York City, and greatly endeared himself to his flock. In the mayoralty campaign of 1886 he took sides with Henry George, an<l worked for him with tongue and pen. For this he was con- demned by his ecclesiastical superiors, and, on being summoned to Rome by the Propaganda, he refused to submit, whereupon he was deposed from his pastorate by Archbishop Corrigan, in January, 1887, and, still refusing to go to Rome, was excommunicated by the Pope. He afterward made submission and was readmitted to the Church. He died in Newburgh, N. Y., Jan. 7, 1900. MACH, EDMUND (ROBERT OTTO), VON, a German writer and lecturer; born in Pomerania, Germany, in 1870, and came to America in 1891. Gradu- ated from Harvard in 1895, and became instructor in fine arts there from 1899 to 1903. He is the author of several books dealing with Greek art and paint- ing, as well as some which deal with the more modem artists of the 19th century. When the war of 1914 broke out in Europe he was one of the chief German apologists, writing several books explaining the German point of view. MACHALA, capital of province of El Oro, Ecuador, 70 miles south of Guaya- quil, on the Gulf of Guayaquil. The agricultural resources of the district are considerable, the principal product being cacao. McHENRY, FORT, a fortification at the entrance of Baltimore harbor, which was unsuccessfully bombarded by the British fleet in 1814. It was at this time that "The Star-Spangled Banner" was written by Francis Scott Key, an Amer- ican citizen, who was detained on board a British vessel and witnessed the bom- bardment. See Key, Francis S.