Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 06.djvu/70

LEFT LYLY 44 LYNCHING Man" (1863). Lyell was knighted in 1848. and made a baronet in 1864. His "Life and Letters" were published in 1881. He died in London, England, Feb. 22, 1875. LYLY, JOHN (lil'i), an English dram- atist; born in 1554. He was graduated at Oxford in 1573; went to London, where he engaged in literary work andi tried to establish himself at court; was a member of Parliament in 1589, 1593, 1597, and 1601. He is noteworthy prin- ^ally on account of his two books "Euphues, or the Anatomy of Wit" (1579), and "Euphues and his England" (1580), which were the first serious at- tempts in English to use words as mere musical notes, quite subordinating the matter to the sound. His influence is clear and strong on Sidney and Spenser. He died in London, in 1606. LYME REGIS, a seaport and water- ing-place of Dorsetshire, England, at the mouth of the Lyme rivulet, 5 miles S. E. of Axminster and 23 W. of Dorchester, The Cobb breakwater, dating from the 14th century, was reconstructed by gov- ernment in 1825-1826. Lyme Regis beat off Prince Maurice (1644), and was Mon- mouth's landing-place (1685). Natives have been Sir George Somers, Captain Coram, and Miss Mary Anning, the dis- coverer of the Ichthyosaurus and Plesi- osaurus in the Lias rocks here, which are largely quarried. LYMPH, a term in physiology. The chief difference between chyle and lymph is the more complete state of prepara- tion for the operations of nutrition in lymph, owing to the smaller proportion of solid matter, and the almost total ab- sence of fat; it is comparatively trans- parent, high in the scale of nutrition, bearing a strong resemblance to blood without the red corpuscles. In botanical physiology, the sap of a plant. LYMPH, VACCINE. See VACCINATION. LYMPHATIC GLANDS, in anatomy, the absorbent system for the transmis- sion of the lymph, allied to the lacteal system, and appearing also first in fishes, then reptiles, then mammals. Their chief use is to effect a change in the materials absorbed, and render them more fitted for introduction into the blood. Lymphatics are found in most parts of the animal tissue, except the brain and spinal cord, the eye, bones, cartilages and tendons, the membranes of the ovum, the umbilical cord, and the placenta. Lymphatic vessels, like ar- teries and veins, have three coats, an external, middle, and internal; they are also supplied with valves. LYNCH, CHARLES, a Virginia plan- er; born in 1736. He was a Revolu- tionary soldier, and after the war tool? up his residence in Pittsylvania co., Va. The region in which he lived became at one period of the Revolution infested by bands of Tories and outlaws; de- serters from both armies added strength and semblance of organization to their operations. Wherever they appeared the terror-stricken inhabitants were plundered, harassed, and mercilessly subjected to every variety of insult and outrage. Col. Lynch, with a band of followers, pursued these outlaws and when any of them fell into his hands they were not taken at once to a tree and hanged or tied to a stake and shot;, a jury was selected from Lynch's men, over which he presided as judge; the captives were tried separately, the ac- cused being allowed to make his own defense, and to show cause, if he could, why he should not be punished. If found guilty the punishment was in- flicted on the spot. He died in 1796. LYNCHBURG, a city in Campbell co., Va., on the James river, and the Norfolk and Western, the Southern, and the Chesapeake and Ohio railroads; 66 miles N. of Danville. It is an important man- ufacturing city; has several foundries, rolling-mills, tobacco factories; manu- factories of farming implements and furniture; and has an abundant water- power furnished by the James river. The chief industry of Lynchburg is the handling, shipping, and manufacture of tobacco. The city is the seat of Ran- dolph-Mason Woman's College; Virginia Christian College and several institu- tions; has gas and electric light plants, waterworks, National banks, daily and weekly periodicals. Vast fields of coal, iron ore, and granite are in the neighbor- hood. Pop. (1910) 29,494; (1920) 30,070. LYNCHING, a term used in the United States, meaning the punishment of death inflicted on supposed offenders by a mob of people, without any trial of the accused being held. The practice of lynching was hardly ever resorted to in the United States until after the Civil War, except in the extreme frontier sec- tions. With the emancipation of the negroes and the "Reconstruction" period, the Ku-Klux-Klan began a systematic terrorizing of the negro population. It became a written law in the South that no negro accused of the rape of a white woman should be allowed the privilege of a trial. Soon Ijmchings spread to the North and West, and were no longer confined to negroes accused of rape. In the thirty years from 1885-1915 over