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LEFT OBEK 505 OBBEGON up in the Place de la Concorde, Paris, October, 1836; 5 in England; 1 in Cen- tral Park, New York. The obelisks im- properly named "Cleopatra's Needles" were erected by Thothmes III. at On (Heliopolis), about 1600 B. C. One was yemoved to Alexandria by Augusta, about 23 B. C. The Washington obelisk at Washing- ton is 555 feet high, and was dedicated Feb. 22, 1885. The Bunker Hill Monu- ment may also be properly called an obelisk, and that with the Washin^on are the two most famous of American construction. OBEB, FREDEBICK ALBION, an American ornithologist, traveler, and author; born in Beverly, Mass., Feb. 13, 1849. He traveled extensively in Florida, the West Indies, Mexico, Spain, North Africa, and South America, and wrote: "Camps in the Caribbees" (1880) ; "The Silver City" (1883); "Young Folks' History of Mexico" (1883); "Monte- zuma's Gold Mines" (1887); "In the Wake of Columbus" (1893); "Knock- about Club Series," "Under the Cuban Flag" (1896) ; "My Spanish Sweetheart" (1897) ; "The Cacique's Treasure Cave" (1901) ; "Heroes of American History," 12 vols. (1907). He died in 1916. OBER-AMMEBGAU. See Ammergau, Ober and Unteb. OBEBHAUSEU, a city of Prussia in the Rhine province, on the right bank of the Rhine. Prior to the World War it had important industries, including iron foundries, rolling mills, chemical works, etc. In the neighborhood are im- portant mines of coal, iron, and zinc. Pot), about 90,000. OBEBLIN, a town in Lorain co., O.; on the Lake Shore and Michigan South- ern railroad ; 34 miles W. S. W. of Cleve- land. Here are the well-known Oberlin College, a school of telegraphy, business eollege, conservatory of music. National and State banks, electric lights, public and college libraries, and weekly and monthly periodicals. OBEBLIN COLLEGE, a coeducational non-sectarian institution in Oberlin, O., founded in 1833; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 175; students, 1,535; volumes in the library, 196,000; productive funds, $7,761,303; income, $540,000; number of graduates, 6,709; president, H. C. King, D. D. OBOE, a wind instrument of the reed kind, which at a very early date took its place as one of the essential instruments of the orchestra. It consists of a tube, Wiade of box, ebony, or cocoawood, about 21 inches long, narrow at the top, but gradually widening toward the lower end or bell, and divided into three pieces or joints. In the upper and middle ends are holes, by stopping or opening which with the fingers, the natural scale is formed, the intermediate semitones be- ing produced by means of the keys, of which some hautboys have but two, while others have 15, and more. Its range of available notes extends from B to G in alto. The tone of the hautboy is rich and sweet. This term is also given by organ builders to a reed stop similar in shape and sound to the real hautboy. OBOLUS, in Greek antic[uities, a small coin of ancient Greece, originally of cop- per, afterward of silver, the sixth part of an Attic drachma, and equal to two and one-half cents. Also a small weight. GENERAL OBREGON the sixth part of an Attic drachma. In palaeontology, a genus of Lingulidse con- fined to the Silurian period; character- istic of the Lower Silurian. OBONGO, or ABONGO, a tribe of pig- mies who live in different parts of French Kongo in west Africa. They are between four and five feet in height, are of a brown color, and have bushy hair which grows over their bodies as well as their heads. They are nomadic, follow fishing and hunting, and build conical grass huts. OBBEGON, ALVABO, a Mexican general, born in 1880 in the state of