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LEFT NORTHWESTERN COLLEGE 488 NORTON successor, Oswy, yielded Deira to Oswin, son of Ocric, his cousin, but in 654, by a great victory in which Penda perished, was able to unite his kingdom, and reigned till 670. Under Egfried (670- 685), Aldfrid (685-705), and as many as 14 obscure successors, Northumbrian influence gave way before the rise of Mercia, intei-nal tumults, and Danish ravages, till 806, when the chronicles cease, and 827, when at length North- umbria became tributary to Egbert. NORTHWESTERN COLLEGE, a co- educational institution in Naperville, 111.; founded in 1861 under the auspices of the Evangelical Church; reported at the close of 1919 : 27 members of the fac- ulty, and 392 students. President, E. E. Hall, Ph. D. NORTHWESTERN PROVINCES, a lieutenant-governorship of British India, constituted under an Act of 1835, and occupying the upper basin of the Ganges and Jumna, extending from Bengal to the Punjab; area, 107,503 square miles; pop. about 50,000,000. Oudh, till 1877, a separate government, is now under the lieutenant-governor of the Northwest- ern Provinces. The province which con- stitutes the great part of Hindustan proper, is mainly a great alluvial plain, sloping from the Himalayas, and com- prises the Doab, Rohilkhand, Bundel- khand, etc., and the Upper Ganges val- ley. It is the great wheat country of India. The headquarters of Hinduism, and containing some of the most sacred memorials of the Aryan race, it was nevertheless long subject to Moslem sway. The divisions of the Northwest- ern Provinces are Meerut, Agra, Rohil- khand, Allahabad, Benares, Jhansi, Kum- aon, and the four divisions of Oudh — Lucknow, Sitapur, Fyabad, Rai Bareli. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY, a coeducational institution in Evanston and Chicago, 111., founded in 1851, under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church, reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 501; stu- dents, 4,750; president, T. F. Holgate. NORTHWEST FRONTIER PROV- INCE, a province of British India. Af- ghanistan bounds it on the W. and N., Kashmir and the Punjab on the E., and Baluchistan on the S. It has an area of 13,418 square miles, and the popu- lation is about 2,000,000. The capital is Peshawar. NORTHWEST PASSAGE, a passage for ships from the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific by the N. coasts of the Amer- ican continent, long sought for, and at last discovered in 1850-1851 by Sir R. MacClure. See North Polar Expedi- tions. NORTHWEST TERRITORY, a name now given to British North American territory N. W. of the St. Lawrence river watershed which includes the old pro- vincial districts of Mackenzie, Franklin, and Keewatin, north of Alberta, Saskat- chewan, and Manitoba, and extending to Arctic Ocean, its islands and as far as land has been discovered. Area about 1,242,224 square miles. The population, which is steadily declining, is estimated (1918): Indians, 5,100; Eskimos, 2,600, and some hundreds of half-breeds. There are two principal lakes. Great Bear, 11,- 800 square miles, and Slave Lake, 11,- 700. The Mackenzie river is 2,525 miles long. The region in parts abounds in fur-bearing animals — moose, bear, and caribou — and the waters teem with fish. Vegetables and oats are raised in the Mackenzie river valley. The territory is under a Commissioner of the Royal North West Police. Government-seat, Ottawa. Formerly included in Northwest Territory were the present provinces of Alberta (area, 255,285 square miles, pop. 375,000) ; Manitoba (area, 251,832 square miles, pop. 455,614) ; Saskatche- wan (area, 251,700 square miles, pop. 492,432) ; and Yukon (area, 34,298 square miles, pop. 8,512). NORTHWICH, a city of England in the district of Cheshire, Its chief in- dustry is the mining of salt. It has sev- eral important public buildings. Its manufactures include bricks, chemicals, leather, brass, and iron. Pop. about 18,- 000. NORTH YAKIMA, now Yakima, a city of Washington, county-seat of Yak- ima CO. It is 157 miles S. E. of Seattle on the Northern Pacific, the Oregon- Washington Railroad Navigation Com- pany, and the Yakima Valley Traction railroads. It is the center of a produc- tive fruit region and also important live- stock and dairying interests. It contains a hospital, a library and other public buildings. Pop. (1910) 14,082; (1920) 18,539. NORTON, CHARLES ELIOT, an American educator; born in Cambridge, Mass., Nov. 16, 1827; was graduated at Harvard in 1846. Dr. Norton was well known as a Dante scholar, and an au- thority on art. He was Professor of the History of Art at Harvard in 1874-1898. He is author of "Historical Studies of Church Building in the Middle Ages"; "Notes of Travel and Study in Italy"; "Considerations of Some Recent Social