Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 06.djvu/580

LEFT NOGUCHI 476 NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICER 1849. He fought in the civil war of 1877 and distinguished himself at Kin- chow in the China-Japanese war. Dur- ing the war with Russia he commanded a division at first, and organized the attack on Port Arthur, which resulted in its seizure by the 3d Army after numer- ous bloody battles on its slopes. He has also been credited with the victory over the Russian forces at Mukden, which yielded when Nogi came upon them in the rear. He was an old-fashioned type of Japanese statesman and on the death of the emperor he and his wife committed lara-kiri. He died in 1912. NOGUCHI, HIDEYO, Japanese phy- sician; born in Inawashiro, Yama, Fuku- shima, in 1876. He was educated in the public schools of Japan, and was taught French, English, German, and Chinese under private tutors. He graduated from Tokyo Medical College in 1897, and studied at the University of Pennsyl- vania 1901-1903, later studying a year at the Statens Serum Institute, Copen- hagen. In 1904 he became connected with the Rockefeller Institute, New York. He has brought about the cul- tivation of syphilitic organisms, demon- strated treponema pallidum in paresis and locomotor ataxia, instituted the skin test for syphilis, and has made similar contributions to medical science. NOISSEVILLE, a village of France, 5 miles E. of Metz, where, on Aug. 31- Sept. 1, 1870, Bazaine attacked the Ger- man besiegers of Metz with 120,000 men and 600 guns. He had some success on the first day, against the 41,000 men and 138 guns commanded by Manteuffel; but on the second day gave up the at- tempt to break through the German line, which had been reinforced during the night by 30,000 men and 162 guns. NOLA, an episcopal city of Italy; 16 miles E. N. E. of Naples; is built on the site of one of the oldest cities of Campania, founded by the Ausonians, and taken by the Romans in the Samnite War, 313 B. C. Augustus died here A. D. 14. Pop. about 14,000. NOMAD, a roaming or wandering shepherd; one who leads a wandering life, and subsists by tending herds of 2attle which graze on herbage of spon- taneous growth. In history, nomads, or nomades, are tribes of men without fixed habitation. The principal nomadic tribes of antiquity were those of southern Rus- sia and the interior of Asia, from whom sprang, in the decline of the Roman em- pire, many of the tribes which overran western Europe, and, at a later era, those which conauered empires in west- ern and southern Asia. The vast regions of Mongolia are inhabited by nations which still retain their wandering habits. NO MAN'S LAND, a name applied to outlying districts in various countries, especially at one time to what now cor- responds mainly to Griqualand East; also to a territory of 80,000 square miles in South Australia; to a strip ceded by Texas to the United States in 1850, for many years without any government, now constituting Beaver co., Okla.; to a small island 3 miles S. W. of Martha's Vineyard, Mass.; and to a strip of land bordering on Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland, still in dispute. Used in the World War, 1914-1918, to describe the ground between the German and the Allies front lines. NOME, a city in Alaska, situated on the Seward peninsula, and on the shore of Norton Sound. In July, 1899, gold was discovered on the beach at Nome and a rush of settlers followed. The maximum of gold ever found in the dis- trict was in 1906, when $7,500,000 was discovered. Since that time the output has steadily decreased in value. The city's location exposes it to severe storma from the Sound, which caused severe dis- tress in the early days of temporary dwellings. Nome is the judicial center of Seward Peninsula and has a court house, banks, commercial houses, etc. Pop. (1910) 2,600; (1914) 2,600; (1920) 852. NONCOMMISSIONED F F I C E B, THE, a soldier whose rank is between private and commissioned officer. In the United States a noncommissioned officer is an enlisted man accepted for 7 years, and receives appointment from his su- perior officer. An officer is commissioned by the President and the Senate mx-st confirm the appointment. Noncommis- sioned officers in the United States Army are: 1. — Sergeant major, regimental, and sergeant major, senior grade, coast artillery corps; master electrician, quar- termaster's department, and master elec- trician, coast artillery corps, master sig- naler, chief musician, engineer, coast artillery patrol. 2. — Ordnance sergeant, quartermaster sergeant, quartermaster corps, sergeant 1st class, quartermaster corps, 1st class, signal service. 3. — Quartermaster sergeant and commissary sergeant, regimental; electrician ser- geant, 2d class, coast artillery corps; master gunner, coast artillery corps. 4. — Sergeant major, squadron and bat- talion; sergeant major, junior grade, coast artillery; color sergeant | battalion quartermaster sergeant, engineer and field artillery. 5. — First sergeant; drum