Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 06.djvu/54

LEFT LUNDY'S LANE 36 LUNDY'S LANE, a locality in the Province of Ontario, near the Falls of Niagara. Here, July 25, 1814, an ob- stinate and undecisive engagement was fought between an American force, num- bering 3,000 men, under General Brown, and a body of about 4,000 British troops commanded by General Drummond. The loss of the Americans was 743 men; that of the British 878 men. In this battle, fought against the best disciplined Eng- lish soldiers, the troops of Brown fought with a valor which did much to disabuse the country of the idea, then prevalent, that American troops could not cope vdth the trained veterans of Europe. LUNE, in geometry, the area included between the arcs of two circles which intersect each other. The Lunes of Hip- pocrates, the name given to the two semicircular figures, remarkable for their employment by Hippocrates in his celebrated theorem. See Curve. LUNEBURGr, Germany, a town in the Province of Hanover, 30 miles S. E. of Hamburg. It is noted for its mineral springs and baths, but is also important for its manufactories of chemicals, iron wares, carpets, cement, etc. Pop. about 30,000. LUNENBURG, a S. E. county of Nova Scotia, bordering on the Atlantic Ocean; area about 600 square miles; rivers, Le Have river, and numerous smaller streams; surface, broken; soil in some parts fertile; the coast is deeply in- dented with bays and inlets, of which Margaret's Bay and Mahone Bay are the largest. Capital Lunenburg; some- times called Malaguash. Fop. about 35,000. LUNETTE, a term applied to various objects of a half -moon shape; as: Archae- ology, a crescent-shaped penannular con- cave plate of metal, apparently worn as an ornament about the neck. Archi- tecture: (1) An arched aperture in the side of a long vault, and having a less height than the pitch. (2) A semicir- cular aperture in a concave ceiling. (3) An opening in the roof of a house. Far- riery, a horseshoe having only the front, curved portion, lacking the branches. Fortification, a half -moon; a detached work presenting a salient angle to ward the enemy, and flanks open at the gorge. Optics: A perifocal spectacle- glass; concavo-convex, its curve approx- imating the shape of the eye and afford- ing more distinct oblique vision. Ord- nance, a forked iron plate into which the stock of a field-gun carriage is inserted. LUNEVILLE (lii-na-vel'), a town in the French department of Meurthe-et- LUNG Moselle, at the confluence of the Meurthe and the Vezouse, and 20 miles S. E. of Nancy; manufactures gloves, hosiery, cottons, etc. It was formerly a resi- dence of the Dukes of Lorraine; their palace, built by Duke Leopold, and in which the Emperor Francis I. was born, is now used as a cavalry barrack, this town being one of the largest cavalry stations in France. Here was signed the peace of Luneville, Feb. 9, 1801, between Germany and France on the basis of the peace of Campo-Formio. The Ger- man anny, in its sweep toward Paris in 1914, occupied Luneville, but was forced to evacuate it on being pressed back after the Battle of the Marne. Pop. about 25,000. LUNG, an organ of respiration. Hunuiii Anatomy. — The organs of res- piration are on each side of the chest, conical, and separated from each other by the heart in front and a membranous partition, the mediastinum. Externally they are convex, to correspond with the chest walls, and internally concave to receive the heart; above they terminate in a tapering cone and below in a broad concavity resting on the diaphragm. In color they are mottled, pinkish-gray, speckled with black. Each is divided into two lobes, separated by a deep fis- sure, and the right lung has a third lobe above of triangular shape; the right is also larger on account of the heart lying toward the left side. The lungs are kept in position by their roots, com- posed of the bronchi, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary veins; the right side pre- sents the bronchus above, then the ar- tery, then the veins; but on the left side we find the bronchus between the artery and the veins. Each lung is inclosed in a serous membrane, the pleura, which extends to its root, and is then expanded on the chest wall. The lungs are com- posed of minute ramifications of the bronchial tubes, terminating in intercel- lular passages and quadrilateral or hexag- gonal air-cells, along with ramifications of the pulmonary artery and veins, bron- chial arteries and veins, lymphatics and nerve SI, the whole bound together by areolo-fibrous tissue constituting the parenchyma of the lungs. See Physi- ology: Respiration. Comparative Anatomy. — In the lowest and simplest forms of animal life (aquatic), we find no trace of respira- tory organs, the interchange between the layer of water with the aerating surface being effected by the general movement of the body, or by cilia. In most of the Mollusca we find gills in the place of lungs, except in the terrestrial species, as the snail or slug, where we