Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 06.djvu/520

NEW IBERIA  but have become more or less Christianized. These islands, according to the Anglo-French convention of 1906, are under the control of two joint French and British high commissions. Pop. about 75,000.  NEW IBERIA, a town in Louisiana; the parish-seat of Iberia parish. It is 125 miles W. of New Orleans, on the Bayou Teche and on the Morgan's Louisiana and Texas, the Franklin and Abbeville, and the New Iberia and Northern railroads. It is the center of an important agricultural district, devoted chiefly to the cultivation of sugar-cane, cotton, rice, corn, and other vegetables. It is also an industrial center. Its manufactories include shipyards, foundries, machine shops, knitting mills, etc. There are salt mines in the vicinity. Pop. (1910) 7,499; (1920) 6,278.  NEW IRELAND, now , a long narrow island, belonging to the Bismarck (New Britain) Archipelago in the Pacific Ocean, N. E. of New Guinea; area, about 4,900 square miles; length 800 miles; width, 15 miles. The hills rise to 6,500 feet, and they and the whole of the interior are richly wooded. In 1884 a German protectorate was declared over the archipelago. An Australian force occupied the island in 1914 and the mandate over it was awarded by the Peace Conference to Australia in May, 1919. Chief town, Kalwieng. Pop. (native) about 28,000.  NEW JERSEY, a State in the North Atlantic Division of the North American Union; bounded by New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, the Atlantic Ocean and Delaware Bay; one of the original 13 States; counties, 21; capital, Trenton; area, 8,224 square miles; pop. (1890) 1,444,933; (1900) 1,883,669; (1910) 2,537,167; (1920) 3,155,900.

Topography.—New Jersey is divided into two distinct geographical divisions, the N. portion being undulating and hilly, and the S. a low sandy plain. The N. half of the State is crossed by three parallel mountain ranges running in a S. W. direction. The Blue Ridge or Kittatinny, and the Highland ranges, are part of the Appalachian chain and the third or Orange Mountains belong to a series of low ridges traced from Massachusetts across Connecticut, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The Blue Ridge crosses the Delaware river at the Delaware Water Gap, where its altitude is 1,486 to 1,625 feet. The greatest altitude in the the State is High Point, near the New York State line, 1,804 feet. Between the Blue Ridge and Highland

ranges is the Kittatinny valley, 10 to 13 miles in width, and noted for its agricultural advantages. The Highland Range is in reality a deeply dissected plateau or tableland, its semi-detached portions being known as mountains, among which the highest are Hamburg Mountain, 1,488 feet, Wawayanda Mountain, 1,450 feet, Schooley's, Musconetcong, and Green Pond Mountains. The Orange Mountains are three parallel ridges of trap rock known as the First and Second Mountains, and Long Hill, separated by narrow valleys, underlaid by sandstone. A ridge of trap extends along the New Jersey shore of the Hudson river, known as the Palisades, and is world renowned for its scenic beauty. The Navesink Highlands, a group of sandy hills S. of Sandy Hook, and other detached hills to the S. W. rise to a height of nearly 400 feet. The entire S. portion of the State is an undulating plain gradually decreasing in altitude toward the Atlantic Ocean and Delaware river. The W. portion of the State is bounded and drained by the Delaware river. The Hudson flows along the E. boundary for 30 miles but receives no drainage. The principal rivers of the State are the Passaic which, fed by the Pompton and Rockaway, empties into Newark Bay; and the Raritan, flowing into Raritan Bay. There are numerous small rivers, and creeks flowing into the Atlantic or into small bays. Among these may be mentioned the Navesink, Shrewsbury, Tom's, Manasquan, Great and Little Egg Harbor rivers. The Atlantic coast has numerous tidal bays, and the N. part of the State abounds in mountains, lakes and ponds. Among the latter are Greenwood Lake, Budd's Lake, Lake Hopatcong, and Green Pond.

Geology.—Bands of geological formation cross the State in a N. E. and S. W. direction. With the exception of the coal measures, all the geologic ages are represented. The Azoic, represented by granite, crystalline limestone, and gneiss, is interlaced with the Palæozoic sandstone, slates, shales, and magnesium limestone in the N. W. The Triassic sandstone, broken by trap and basalt ridges, occupies a belt N. W. of a line from Jersey City to Trenton. This red sandstone deposit is said to have a thickness of 14,000 feet. The Cretaceous belt is just E. of the sandstone, and includes sands, marls, clays, and mixtures of the same. The S. part of the State is of drift deposits of loam, clay, sand and gravel.

Mineralogy.—For its size New Jersey is one of the richest mineral producing States in the Union. The Azoic and