Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 06.djvu/52

LEFT LUKS 34 LUMBER INDUSTRY •was ready to be offered" (II Tim. iv: 6), he adds, "Only Luke is with me." Iden- tifying him with the writer of the Acts of the Apostles, his use of the pronoun "we," commencing with xvi: 10, shows that he joined Paul at Troas and accom- panied him to Philippi (11-17). The re- sumption of the pronouns "he" and "they" (xvi: 19, xvii: 1, 17, etc.) shows that he remained at Philippi till the return of the apostle thither (xx: 6). He accom- panied him on his subsequent missionary journeys (xx: 13-15, xxi: 1, etc.), was with him in his shipwreck (xxvii: 3, 27, xxviii: 2, 10), and his subsequent voyage to Rome (13-16). There is no trustworthy information as to the remainder of St. Luke's life. The Gospel according to St. Luke, in the New Testament canon, the third Gos- pel. The writer had his information from those who "from the beginning were eyewitnesses and ministers of the word" (Luke i: 2), implying that he was not himself an eyewitness of the events that he records. There exists, or rather, is recoverable from the writings of Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, TertuUian, and Epiphanius, a Gospel issued by the celebrated Gnostic, Marcion, so related to that of St. Luke, that Marcion's Gospel must have been an abridgment of St. Luke's, or Luke's an expansion of Marcion's. Marcion is believed to have begun to teach in Rome about A. d. 139 to 142 (Sanday), or 138 (Volkmar), or 130 (Tischendorf). "At that time St. Luke's GJospel had been so long published that various readings of it had already arisen." The incidents recorded are not in chronological order. There is a marked superiority to Jewish caste-prejudice or CO ceremonial bondage. It is the Gospel that tells of the Prodigal Son (xv: 11- 32), the Good Samaritan (x: 30-37), the Pharisee and the Publican (xviii: 10- 14). The third Gospel is exactly such a work as, under Divine inspiration, might be supposed to emanate from the com- panion of St. Paul. LUKS, GEORGE BENJAMIN, paint- er; born in Williamsport, Pa., in 1867, he received his first art education at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts and the Dusseldorf Academy, and then ( became a student in Paris and London. He was war correspondent and artist for the Philadelphia "Bulletin" in Cuba in 1895-1896, and has since turned out considerable work. He won the Temple gold medal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts and is a member of the National Association of Portrait Painters. LULEA, Sweden, a port on the Gulf of Bothnia, at the mouth of the Lule-Elf. It was modernized after being burned in 1887; since then it has ac- quired importance as an export point for Gellivara iron ore. Pop. about 10,000. LULONGO, a river in Africa, rising in the nortr-central part of the Belgian Congo and flowing in a westerly direc- tion into the Congo river at Lulongo. LUMBAGO, rheumatism of the muscles of the loins, with sudden and severe pain, sometimes extending to the liga- ments underneath the muscles. LUMBER INDUSTRY, the produc- tion of and trade in sawn timber for building purposes. The chief countries engaged in this industry are the United States, Canada, Russia, Hungary, Ger- many, Sweden, and France, to which may be added Brazil, British Guiana, Mexico, and other tropical countries as the producers of the hardwoods, such as mahogany, cyprus, etc. In France, Sweden, and especially Germany, the in- dustry differs from that in the United States in that it includes the cultivation of the trees from which the timber is cut, the natural forests having long ago been depleted. The unlimited license hitherto given the cutting of timber in the United States has of recent years brought appreciably nearer the need of a similar organization of the produc- tion. The first step in this direction has already been taken in the establishment of the Forestry Service, under the juris- diction of the Department of Agricul- ture, whose function it is to guard the national forests against fire, destructive insects and diseases and otherwise to encourage the growth of marketable timber, a certain amount of w,hich is cut and sold each year under the supervision of the Bureau of Forestry. Because of this service the depletion of the timber lands of the country has been consider- ably checked. The resources of the United States in marketable timber were estimated as follows in 1913: the total area of for- ests still uncut amounted to 545,000,000 acres; about 1,013 billion board feet of timber was available in the Pacific Northwest; 634 billion board feet in the South, mostly white pine; about 100 bil- lion board feet in the Lake States, and 450 billion board feet scattered elsewhere throughout the country. Aside from this there was 600 billion board feet under the control of the Federal Government, on the national reservations, including Alaska, with another 90 billion on State government reservations. The produc- tion of ordinary building timber during