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LEFT LOTl 13 LOUBET ican novelist, wife of the publisher, D. Lothrop; born in New Haven, Conn., in 1844. She founded and is honorary pres- ident for life of the National Society of the Children of the Americvn Revolu- tion. She has written a long series of children's books, among which are: "So As by Fire" (1881) ; "The Fettibone Name" (1883); "The Golden West" (1885); "The Minute-Man" (1886); "Dilly and the Captain" (1887) ; "Little Maid of Concord Town" (1898); "Ad- ventures of Joel Pepper" (1900) ; "A Little Maid of Boston Town" (1910) ; "Our Davie Pepper" (1916) ; etc. LOTI, PIERRE (lo-te'), a French poet and novelist; real name Louis Marie JuLiEN Viaud; born in Rochefort, Jan. 15, 1850. He was a French naval officer until 1898 and in 1891 was elected a mem- PIERRE LOTI ber of the French Academy. His works include: "Aziyade" (1876); "Rarahu" (1880), afterward called "The Marriage of Loti," a romance of Tahiti; "My Brother Yves"; "An Iceland Fisherman" (1886) ; "Madame Chrysantheme" (1887) ; "In Morocco" (1890) ; "The Romance of a Child" (1890) ; "A Phantom From the East" (1893); "Sailor" (1893); and "Jean Berny, Sailor" (1893) ; "The Des- ert" (1895); "Galilee" (1895); "India Under the British" (1903) ; "The Third Youth of Madame Prune" (1905) ; "The Death of Philoe" (1908) ; "The Daughter of Heaven" (with Judith Gautier, 1913) ; "On Life's By-Ways'^ (1914). He re- joined the French navy during the World War. ^ LOTTERY, the allotment or disposi- tion of prizes by chance or lot; the draw- ing of lots. Lotteries are carried out by means of a number of tickets drawn at the same time, some of which entitle their owners to prizes, while the rest are blanks. Lotteries are frequently re- .sorted to for the purpose of raising money for public purposes. They are still used in this manner in many Euro- pean countries. In the United States they have been suppressed by legislation for almost a century, though in some States they were still legal as late as 1890, notably in Louisiana. In the latter year they were suppressed there, too, and Congress in the same year prohibited the ti'ansmission of lottery tickets or advertisements through the mails, and in 1894 their importation. LOTUS, a name given by the Greeks to a number of different plants whose fruit was used for food. One of the most notable of these is the Zizyphtis lotus of the N. of Africa and the S. of Europe, a shrub belonging to the natural order Rhamnese. The fruit of the Dios- pyrus Lotus, or date plum, is the Euro- pean lote. The name lotus was also given to several beautiful species of water lily, especially to the blue water lily (Nymphsea csei-ulea) and the Egyp- tian water lily (AT. lotus), which grow in stagnant and slowly running water in the S. of Asia and N. of Africa. The Nymphsea lotus grows in the Nile and adjacent rivulets, and has a large white flower. It frequently appears in the hieroglyphs, where it represents the Upper Country of southern Egypt, and entered largely into works of art — the capitals of columns, prows of boats, heads of staves, and other objects being fashioned in its shape. In the mythol- ogy of the Hindus and Chinese, the lotus which plays a distinguished part is the Nelumbo. LOUBET, EMILE (16-ba'), President of the French Republic; born in Mar- sanne, Drome, France, Dec. 31, 1838. His father, a simple peasant, provided him with,the best education within his means. Emile studied law, and began practice in Montelimar. The first office he held was that of mayor of the city; in 1876 "he was elected to a seat in the Chamber of Deputies; was re-elected in 1877, and again in 1881, but in 1885 moved up to the Senate; was Minister of Public Works in the short-lived Tirard Cabinet, Dec. 12, 1887, to April 3, 1888; on the refusal of M. de Freycinet to Vol. VI— Cyc— B